Ngokusho kwe-SmarTech, inkampani ebonisana nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, i-aerospace iyimboni yesibili ngobukhulu ehlinzekwa ukukhiqiza okungeziwe (AM), okwesibili kwezokwelapha.Kodwa-ke, kusekhona ukuntula ukuqaphela amandla okwenziwa okungeziwe kwezinto zobumba ekwenziweni okusheshayo kwezingxenye ze-aerospace, ukuguquguquka okukhulayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.I-AM ingakhiqiza izingxenye ze-ceramic eziqinile nezilula ngokushesha futhi ezinciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi, inciphise ukuhlanganisa okwenziwa ngesandla, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza ngomklamo othuthukiswe ngokumodela, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise isisindo sendiza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-ceramic bokukhiqiza okungeziwe buhlinzeka ngokulawula okulinganayo kwezingxenye eziqediwe zezici ezincane kuno-100 microns.
Kodwa-ke, igama elithi ceramic lingase lenze umbono oyiphutha wokungabi nalutho.Eqinisweni, izitsha zobumba ezenziwe ngezithako zikhiqiza izingxenye ezilula, ezicolekile ezinamandla esakhiwo, ukuqina, nokumelana nezinga lokushisa elibanzi.Izinkampani ezibheke phambili ziphendukela ezingxenyeni zokukhiqiza ze-ceramic, okuhlanganisa imibhobho nophephela, izivikeli zikagesi nama-turbine blades.
Isibonelo, i-alumina ehlanzekile kakhulu inokuqina okuphezulu, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile kanye nebanga lokushisa.Izingxenye ezenziwe nge-alumina nazo zivikela ugesi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu avamile ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace.
I-ceramics esekelwe ku-Zirconia ingahlangabezana nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezinezidingo ezibonakalayo ezidlulele kanye nokucindezeleka okuphezulu kwemishini, njengokubunjwa kwensimbi ephezulu, ama-valve nama-bearings.I-silicon nitride ceramics inamandla amakhulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka okuhle kakhulu okushisayo, kanye nokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali nokugqwala kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-asidi, ama-alkali nezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe.I-Silicon nitride isetshenziselwa ama-insulators, ama-impeller, nama-antenna anezinga eliphezulu lokushisa eliphansi le-dielectric.
I-ceramics ehlanganisiwe inikeza izimfanelo eziningana ezifiselekayo.Izitsha ze-ceramic ezisekelwe ku-silicon ezengezwe nge-alumina ne-zircon zifakazele ukuthi zisebenza kahle ekwakhiweni kwekristalu eyodwa yezindwani ze-turbine.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ceramic core eyenziwe ngale nto inokwanda okushisayo okuphansi kakhulu okufika ku-1,500 ° C, i-porosity ephezulu, ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu kanye nokuvuza okuhle.Ukuphrinta lawa ma-cores kungakhiqiza imiklamo ye-turbine engakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukubunjwa komjovo noma ukwenziwa kwe-ceramics kunzima kakhulu, futhi ukwenza imishini kunikeza ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezingxenyeni ezikhiqizwayo.Izici ezifana nezindonga ezincanyana nazo zinzima umshini.
Kodwa-ke, i-Lithoz isebenzisa i-lithography-based ceramic production (LCM) ukwenza izingxenye ze-3D ze-ceramic ezinembile, ezimise okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Kusukela kumodeli ye-CAD, imininingwane enemininingwane idluliselwa ngedijithali kuphrinta ye-3D.Bese usebenzisa impushana ye-ceramic eyenziwe kahle phezulu kwe-vat esobala.Isiteji sokwakha esinyakazayo sicwiliswa odakeni bese sivezwa ngokukhetha ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo okuvela ngezansi.Isithombe sesendlalelo sakhiwe idivayisi ye-digital micro-mirror (DMD) ehlanganiswe nesistimu yokuqagela.Ngokuphinda le nqubo, ingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enezinhlangothi ezintathu ingakhiqizwa isendlalelo ngesendlalelo.Ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisayo, i-binder iyasuswa futhi izingxenye eziluhlaza zihlanganiswe-zihlanganiswe nenqubo yokushisa ekhethekile-ukukhiqiza ingxenye ye-ceramic eminyene ngokuphelele enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ubuchwepheshe be-LCM buhlinzeka ngohlelo olusha, olungabizi futhi olusheshayo lokutshala izimali zezingxenye zenjini yomshini ophehla umoya-ukweqa ukukhiqizwa kwesikhunta esibizayo nesikhandlayo esidingekayo ekubumbeni umjovo kanye nokulahleka kokusakazwa kwe-wax.
I-LCM ingaphinda ifinyelele imiklamo engeke izuzwe ngezinye izindlela, kuyilapho isebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimbalwa kakhulu kunezinye izindlela.
Naphezu kwamandla amakhulu ezinto zobumba nobuchwepheshe be-LCM, lisekhona igebe phakathi kwabakhiqizi bemishini yoqobo ye-AM (i-OEM) nabaklami be-aerospace.
Esinye sezizathu kungaba ukumelana nezindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza ezimbonini ezinezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha nezekhwalithi.Ukwenziwa kwe-Aerospace kudinga izinqubo eziningi zokuqinisekisa neziqu, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele nokuqinile.
Esinye isithiyo sihlanganisa inkolelo yokuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D kulungele kuphela ukwenziwa kwe-prototyping yesikhathi esisodwa esisheshayo, kunanoma yini engasetshenziswa emoyeni.Futhi, lokhu kuwukungaqondi, futhi izingxenye ze-ceramic eziphrintiwe ze-3D ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.
Isibonelo ukwakhiwa kwama-turbine blades, lapho inqubo ye-ceramic ye-AM ikhiqiza ama-core crystal single (SX), kanye ne-directional solidification (DS) nama-equiaxed casting (EX) ama-superalloy turbine blades.Ama-cores anezakhiwo zamagatsha eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindonga eziningi kanye nemiphetho elandelanayo engaphansi kuka-200μm ingakhiqizwa ngokushesha nangokwezomnotho, futhi izingxenye zokugcina zinokunemba okungaguquki kwe-dimensional kanye nokuqedwa okuhle kakhulu kwendawo.
Ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kungahlanganisa abaklami be-aerospace nama-AM OEM futhi bathembe ngokugcwele izingxenye zobumba ezikhiqizwe kusetshenziswa i-LCM nobunye ubuchwepheshe.Ubuchwepheshe nobungcweti bukhona.Idinga ukushintsha indlela yokucabanga kusukela ku-AM ye-R&D kanye ne-prototyping, futhi ikubone njengendlela eya phambili yezinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiso ezinkulu.
Ngaphezu kwemfundo, izinkampani ze-aerospace zingaphinda zitshale isikhathi kubasebenzi, ubunjiniyela, nokuhlola.Abakhiqizi kumele bajwayelane namazinga ahlukene kanye nezindlela zokuhlola izitsha zobumba, hhayi izinsimbi.Isibonelo, izindinganiso ezimbili ezibalulekile ze-ASTM ze-Lithoz ze-ceramics yesakhiwo yi-ASTM C1161 yokuhlola amandla kanye ne-ASTM C1421 yokuhlolwa kokuqina.Lezi zindinganiso zisebenza kuma-ceramics akhiqizwa yizo zonke izindlela.Ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe kwe-ceramic, isinyathelo sokunyathelisa siyindlela nje yokwenza, futhi izingxenye zithola uhlobo olufanayo lwe-sintering njenge-ceramics yendabuko.Ngakho-ke, i-microstructure yezingxenye ze-ceramic izofana kakhulu nemishini evamile.
Ngokusekelwe ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwezinto nobuchwepheshe, singasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi abaklami bazothola idatha eyengeziwe.Izinto ezintsha ze-ceramic zizothuthukiswa futhi zenziwe ngezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zobunjiniyela.Izingxenye ezenziwe ngezitsha zobumba ze-AM zizoqedela inqubo yokugunyazwa ukuze zisetshenziswe ku-aerospace.Futhi izohlinzeka ngamathuluzi okuklama angcono, njengesofthiwe yokumodela ethuthukisiwe.
Ngokubambisana nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe be-LCM, izinkampani ze-aerospace zingakwazi ukwethula izinqubo ze-ceramic ze-AM zangaphakathi ezinciphisa isikhathi sangaphakathi, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokudala amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwempahla yengqondo yenkampani.Ngokubona kusengaphambili nokuhlela isikhathi eside, izinkampani ze-aerospace ezitshala imali kubuchwepheshe be-ceramic zingathola izinzuzo ezibalulekile kuwo wonke amaphothifoliyo azo wokukhiqiza eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo nangale kwalokho.
Ngokusungula ubambiswano ne-AM Ceramics, abakhiqizi bemishini yoqobo ye-aerospace bazokhiqiza izingxenye ebezingacatshangwa ngaphambilini.
About the author: Shawn Allan is the vice president of additive manufacturing expert Lithoz. You can contact him at sallan@lithoz-america.com.
UShawn Allan uzokhuluma ngobunzima bokukhuluma ngempumelelo ngezinzuzo zokwenziwa kwezithasiselo ze-ceramic ku-Ceramics Expo e-Cleveland, e-Ohio ngoSepthemba 1, 2021.
Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezindiza ze-hypersonic sekukhona amashumi eminyaka, manje sekuyinto ehamba phambili yokuvikela izwe lase-US, okuletha lo mkhakha esimweni sokukhula okusheshayo nokushintsha.Njengomkhakha oyingqayizivele wemikhakha eminingi, inselele ukuthola ochwepheshe abanamakhono adingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko yawo.Kodwa-ke, uma bengenabo ochwepheshe abanele, kudala igebe lokuqamba izinto ezintsha, njengokubeka i-design for manufacturability (DFM) kuqala esigabeni se-R&D, bese iphenduka igebe lokukhiqiza uma sekwephuze kakhulu ukwenza izinguquko ezingabizi kakhulu .
Imifelandawonye, ​​njenge-University Alliance for Applied Hypersonics (UCAH) esanda kusungulwa, ihlinzeka ngendawo ebalulekile yokuhlakulela amathalente adingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe insimu.Abafundi bangasebenza ngqo nabacwaningi basenyuvesi kanye nabasebenzi bezimboni ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe futhi bathuthukise ucwaningo olubucayi lwe-hypersonic.
Nakuba i-UCAH kanye nezinye izinhlangano zezokuvikela zigunyaze amalungu ukuba ahlanganyele emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yobunjiniyela, kusetshenzwe okwengeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amathalente ahlukahlukene nanolwazi oluningi, kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo nasekukhethweni kuye kuma-workshops okukhiqiza.
Ukuze kuhlinzekwe inani elihlala njalo kulo mkhakha, umfelandawonye wenyuvesi kufanele wenze ukuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi kube yinto ehamba phambili ngokuhambisana nezidingo zemboni, okubandakanya amalungu ocwaningweni olufanele imboni, kanye nokutshala imali ohlelweni.
Lapho uguqula ubuchwepheshe be-hypersonic bube amaphrojekthi amakhulu akhiqizwayo, igebe elikhona lamakhono onjiniyela nokukhiqiza yinselelo enkulu kakhulu.Uma ucwaningo lwakuqala lungaweli lesi sigodi sokufa esiqanjwe ngokufanelekile—igebe phakathi kwe-R&D nokukhiqiza, kanye namaphrojekthi amaningi afuna ukuvelela ahlulekile—ngakho-ke silahlekelwe yisixazululo esisebenzayo nesingenzeka.
Imboni yokukhiqiza yase-US ingasheshisa isivinini esikhulu, kodwa ingozi yokusalela emuva iwukwandisa usayizi wabasebenzi ukuze ufane.Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni kanye nenhlangano yokuthuthukiswa kwamanyuvesi kumele basebenzisane nabakhiqizi ukuze benze lezi zinhlelo zisebenze.
Imboni ihlangabezane nezikhala zamakhono kusukela kumihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yokukhiqiza kuya kulabhorethri yobunjiniyela-lezi zikhala zizokhula kuphela njengoba imakethe ye-hypersonic ikhula.Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa budinga abasebenzi abasafufusa ukuze bandise ulwazi kulo mkhakha.
Umsebenzi we-Hypersonic uhlanganisa izindawo eziningana ezibalulekile zezinto ezihlukahlukene nezakhiwo, futhi indawo ngayinye inesethi yayo yezinselelo zobuchwepheshe.Zidinga izinga eliphezulu lolwazi oluningiliziwe, futhi uma ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo bungekho, lokhu kungase kudale izithiyo ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni.Uma singenabo abantu abenele bokugcina umsebenzi, ngeke sikwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo sokukhiqiza ngesivinini esikhulu.
Isibonelo, sidinga abantu abangakha umkhiqizo wokugcina.I-UCAH namanye ama-consortia abalulekile ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi abanentshisekelo endimeni yokukhiqiza bayafakwa.Ngemizamo yokuthuthukisa abasebenzi abazinikele ehlukahlukene, imboni izokwazi ukugcina inzuzo yokuncintisana ezinhlelweni zendiza ye-hypersonic eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Ngokusungula i-UCAH, uMnyango Wezokuvikela udala ithuba lokwamukela indlela egxile kakhulu yokwakha amakhono kule ndawo.Wonke amalungu omfelandawonye kumele asebenzisane ukuze aqeqeshe amakhono abafundi ukuze sakhe futhi sigcine umfutho wocwaningo futhi sandise ukuze kukhiqizwe imiphumela edingwa izwe lethu.
I-NASA Advanced Composites Alliance evaliwe manje iyisibonelo somzamo ophumelelayo wokuthuthukisa abasebenzi.Ukusebenza kwayo kuwumphumela wokuhlanganisa umsebenzi we-R&D nezithakazelo zemboni, okuvumela ukuqamba okusha ukuthi kunwebeke kuyo yonke i-ecosystem yokuthuthukiswa.Abaholi bezimboni basebenze ngokuqondile ne-NASA kanye namanyuvesi kumaphrojekthi iminyaka emibili kuya kwemine.Wonke amalungu athuthukise ulwazi lomsebenzi nesipiliyoni, afunda ukubambisana endaweni engenakho ukuncintisana, futhi akhulise abafundi basekolishi ukuze bathuthuke ukuze bakhulise abadlali ababalulekile bezimboni esikhathini esizayo.
Lolu hlobo lokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi luvala izikhala embonini futhi luhlinzeka ngamathuba kumabhizinisi amancane ukuthi asungule ngokushesha futhi ahlukanise umkhakha ukuze azuze ukukhula okuqhubekayo okukhuthaza ukuphepha kwezwe lase-US kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha komnotho.
Imifelandawonye yamanyuvesi okuhlanganisa ne-UCAH iyimpahla ebalulekile emkhakheni we-hypersonic kanye nomkhakha wezokuvikela.Nakuba ucwaningo lwabo lukhuthaze izinto ezintsha ezisafufusa, ukubaluleka kwazo okukhulu lisemandleni abo okuqeqesha isizukulwane sethu esilandelayo sabasebenzi.I-consortium manje idinga ukubeka phambili ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinhlelweni ezinjalo.Ngokwenza kanjalo, bangasiza ekukhuthazeni impumelelo yesikhathi eside ye-hypersonic innovation.
About the author: Kim Caldwell leads Spirit AeroSystems’ R&D program as a senior manager of portfolio strategy and collaborative R&D. In her role, Caldwell also manages relationships with defense and government organizations, universities, and original equipment manufacturers to further develop strategic initiatives to develop technologies that drive growth. You can contact her at kimberly.a.caldwell@spiritaero.com.
Abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi, eklanywe kakhulu (njengezingxenye zendiza) bazibophezele ekusebenzeni kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi.Asikho isikhala sokuqondisa.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezindiza kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, abakhiqizi kufanele baphathe ngokucophelela inqubo yekhwalithi, banake kakhulu isinyathelo ngasinye.Lokhu kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi ungaphatha kanjani futhi uzivumelanise nezimo eziguqukayo zokukhiqiza, ikhwalithi, ukuphepha, nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngenkathi kuhlangatshezwana nezimfuneko zokulawula.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinto eziningi zithinta ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu, kunzima ukuphatha ama-oda okukhiqiza ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ashintsha njalo.Inqubo yekhwalithi kumele ibe namandla kuzo zonke izici zokuhlola nokuklama, ukukhiqiza nokuhlola.Ngenxa yamasu e-Industrial 4.0 kanye nezixazululo zesimanje zokukhiqiza, lezi zinselele zekhwalithi sekulula ukuzilawula nokuzinqoba.
Ukugxila kwendabuko kokukhiqizwa kwezindiza bekulokhu kugxile ezintweni.Umthombo wezinkinga eziningi zekhwalithi kungase kube ukuphuka okufiphalayo, ukugqwala, ukukhathala kwensimbi, noma ezinye izici.Nokho, ukukhiqizwa kwezindiza zanamuhla kuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, obunjiniyela obuphezulu obusebenzisa izinto ezimelana nezwe.Ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo kusebenzisa izinqubo ezikhethekile neziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi.Izixazululo zesofthiwe yokuphatha imisebenzi evamile zingase zingakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zingathengwa ochungechungeni lwempahla yomhlaba wonke, ngakho-ke kufanele kucatshangelwe okwengeziwe ekuzihlanganiseni kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlanganisa.Ukungaqiniseki kuletha izinselele ezintsha ekubonakaleni kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi.Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezingxenye eziningi kangaka kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe kudinga izindlela ezingcono nezididiyelwe zekhwalithi.
I-Industry 4.0 imele ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu buyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi.Ubuchwepheshe obusekelayo buhlanganisa i-Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), imicu yedijithali, i-augmented reality (AR), kanye nezibalo zokubikezela.
Ikhwalithi 4.0 ichaza indlela yekhwalithi yenqubo yokukhiqiza eqhutshwa idatha ehlanganisa imikhiqizo, izinqubo, ukuhlela, ukuthobela kanye namazinga.Yakhelwe phezu esikhundleni sokuthatha indawo yezindlela zekhwalithi evamile, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuningi njengozakwabo bezimboni, okuhlanganisa ukufunda ngomshini, amadivayisi axhunyiwe, i-cloud computing, namawele edijithali ukuze kuguqulwe ukuhamba komsebenzi kwenhlangano nokuqeda imikhiqizo engaba khona noma izinqubo Amaphutha.Ukuvela kwe-Quality 4.0 kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke kuguqule isiko lendawo yokusebenza ngokwandisa ukuthembela kudatha kanye nokusetshenziswa okujulile kwekhwalithi njengengxenye yendlela yonke yokudala umkhiqizo.
Ikhwalithi 4.0 ihlanganisa izindaba zokusebenza kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi (QA) kusukela ekuqaleni kuya esigabeni sokuklama.Lokhu kuhlanganisa indlela yokucabanga nokuklama imikhiqizo.Imiphumela yakamuva yocwaningo lwemboni ibonisa ukuthi izimakethe eziningi azinayo inqubo yokudlulisa idizayini ezenzakalelayo.Inqubo eyenziwa mathupha ishiya isikhala samaphutha, noma ngabe iphutha langaphakathi noma idizayini yokuxhumana kanye nezinguquko kuchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Ngokungeziwe ekwakhiweni, i-Quality 4.0 iphinde isebenzisa umshini wokufunda ogxile kunqubo ukuze kuncishiswe udoti, kuncishiswe ukusebenza kabusha, nokuthuthukisa amapharamitha wokukhiqiza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde ixazulule izinkinga zokusebenza komkhiqizo ngemva kokulethwa, isebenzisa impendulo esendaweni ukuze ibuyekeze ukude isofthiwe yomkhiqizo, igcine ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, futhi ekugcineni iqinisekise ukuphinda ibhizinisi.Iba nguzakwethu ongahlukaniseki we-Industrial 4.0.
Nokho, ikhwalithi ayisebenzi kuphela kuzixhumanisi zokukhiqiza ezikhethiwe.Ukuhlanganiswa Kwekhwalithi 4.0 kungafaka indlela yekhwalithi ebanzi ezinhlanganweni zokukhiqiza, okwenza amandla okuguqula idatha abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokucabanga kwenkampani.Ukuthobela kuwo wonke amazinga enhlangano kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesiko lekhwalithi iyonke.
Ayikho inqubo yokukhiqiza engasebenza kahle ku-100% wesikhathi.Ukushintsha kwezimo kubangela izenzakalo ezingalindelekile ezidinga ukulungiswa.Labo abanolwazi ngekhwalithi bayaqonda ukuthi konke kumayelana nenqubo yokudlulela ekupheleleni.Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ikhwalithi ifakwa ohlelweni ukuze kutholwe izinkinga ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka?Uzokwenzenjani uma uthola isici?Ingabe zikhona izici zangaphandle ezibangela le nkinga?Yiziphi izinguquko ongayenza ohlelweni lokuhlola noma inqubo yokuhlola ukuze uvimbele le nkinga ukuthi ingenzeki futhi?
Misa umbono wokuthi yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza inenqubo yekhwalithi ehlobene nehlobene.Cabanga ngekusasa lapho kunobudlelwano bomuntu nomuntu futhi ulinganise njalo ikhwalithi.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani ngokungahleliwe, ikhwalithi ephelele ingafinyelelwa.Isikhungo somsebenzi ngasinye sibuyekeza izinkomba kanye nezinkomba zokusebenza eziyisihluthulelo (ama-KPI) nsuku zonke ukuze zibone izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izinkinga.
Kulolu hlelo lwe-loop evaliwe, inqubo ngayinye yokukhiqiza inomqondo wekhwalithi, ohlinzeka ngempendulo ukuze kumiswe inqubo, ivumele inqubo ukuthi iqhubeke, noma yenze izinguquko ngesikhathi sangempela.Uhlelo aluthintwa ukukhathala noma iphutha lomuntu.Isistimu yekhwalithi evaliwe eklanyelwe ukukhiqizwa kwendiza ibalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga ekhwalithi ephezulu, ukunciphisa izikhathi zomjikelezo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthobelana nezindinganiso ze-AS9100.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, umqondo wokugxila kwe-QA ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, ucwaningo lwemakethe, abahlinzeki, izinsizakalo zomkhiqizo, noma ezinye izici ezithinta ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende wawungenakwenzeka.Ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo kuqondwa ukuthi kuvela kuziphathimandla eziphakeme;ikhwalithi imayelana nokwenza le miklamo kulayini womhlangano, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi ukushiyeka kwayo.
Namuhla, izinkampani eziningi zicabanga kabusha indlela yokwenza ibhizinisi.Isimo se-quo ngo-2018 singase singasakwazi.Abakhiqizi abaningi baya ngokuya behlakanipha futhi bahlakaniphe.Ulwazi olwengeziwe luyatholakala, okusho ubuhlakani obungcono bokwakha umkhiqizo ofanele ngesikhathi sokuqala, ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokusebenza.