I-graphite iwuhlobo lwe-crystalline lwekhabhoni.Isistimu yekristalu eyi-hexagonal, ngoyinki wensimbi ukuya kumbala ompunga omnyama.Ukuminyana 2.25 g/cm3, ubulukhuni 1.5, indawo encibilikayo 3652 ℃, indawo yokubilisa 4827 ℃.Ukuthungwa okuthambile, nokuzwakala okubushelelezi nokuqhubayo.Izici zamakhemikhali azisebenzi, zimelana nokugqwala, futhi azisebenzi kalula ngama-asidi, ama-alkali, njll. Ukuqinisa ukushisa emoyeni noma komoyampilo kungashisa futhi kukhiqize ikhabhoni dioxide.Ama-oxidants aqinile azoyixilisa ibe ama-organic acid.Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti elwa nokungqubuzana nezinto zokugcoba, ukwenza izinsimbi, ama-electrode, amabhethri omile, nemikhondo yamapensela.I-graphite ehlanzekile ingasetshenziswa njengomengameli we-neutron kuma-reactors enuzi.Ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi ngamalahle noma umthofu omnyama ngoba phambilini bekucatshangwa ukuthi umthofu.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-graphite:

1. Isetshenziswa njengezinto eziphikisayo: I-graphite nemikhiqizo yayo inezici zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu namandla, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-metallurgical ukwenza izinsimbi ze-graphite.Ekwenziweni kwensimbi, i-graphite ivamise ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti evikelayo yezinsimbi zensimbi nanjengolwelwesi lwezithando zensimbi.

2. Njengempahla eqhubayo: esetshenziswa embonini kagesi ukwenza ama-electrode, amabhulashi, ama-carbon rod, amashubhu ekhabhoni, ama-electrode aqondile ama-mercury positive current transformers, ama-graphite gaskets, izingxenye zocingo, okokunamathela kumashubhu kamabonakude, njll.

3. Njengento yokugcoba engagugi: I-graphite ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengesithambiso embonini yemishini.Amafutha okugcoba ngokuvamile awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo zesivinini esikhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nezimo zokucindezela okukhulu, kuyilapho izinto ezikwazi ukumelana ne-graphite zingasebenza ngaphandle kokugcoba uwoyela ngesivinini esishelelayo esiphezulu emazingeni okushisa angama-200-2000 ℃.Imishini eminingi ethutha imidiya ebolayo yenziwa kabanzi ngezinto zegraphite ukwenza izinkomishi ze-piston, izindandatho zokuvala, nama-bearings, okungadingi ukufakwa kwamafutha okugcoba ngesikhathi sokusebenza.I-emulsion ye-graphite iphinde ibe yi-lubricant enhle yokucubungula insimbi eminingi (umdwebo wocingo, umdwebo weshubhu).

4. I-graphite inokusimama okuhle kwamakhemikhali.I-graphite ecutshungulwe ngokukhethekile inezici zokumelana nokugqwala, ukuguquguquka okuhle kokushisa, nokungena kancane, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izishintshisi zokushisa, amathangi okusabela, ama-condensers, imibhoshongo evuthayo, imibhoshongo yokumuncwa, ama-coolers, ama-heaters, izihlungi kanye nemishini yokupompa.Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yezimboni efana ne-petrochemical, i-hydrometallurgy, ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi-base, imicu yokwenziwa, ukwenza iphepha, njll., ingasindisa inani elikhulu lezinto zensimbi.

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-graphite angangenisi ziyahlukahluka ekuphikisweni kokugqwala ngenxa yama-resin ahlukene aqukethe.Ama-Phenolic resin impregnators awakwazi ukumelana ne-asidi kodwa awakwazi ukumelana ne-alkali;I-Furfuryl alcohol resin impregnators kokubili i-asidi ne-alkali ukumelana.Ukumelana nokushisa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene nakho kuyahlukahluka: i-carbon ne-graphite ingakwazi ukumelana ne-2000-3000 ℃ endaweni enciphisa, futhi iqale u-oxidize ku-350 ℃ no-400 ℃ ngokulandelanayo endaweni ene-oxidizing;Izinhlobonhlobo ze-graphite engangenisi ziyahlukahluka nge-ejenti emithayo, futhi ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukumelana nokushisa kuze kube ngaphansi kuka-180 ℃ ngokumithisa nge-phenolic noma i-furfuryl alcohol.

5. Isetshenziselwa ukuphonsa, ukuthungatha, ukubumba, kanye nezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-metallurgical: Ngenxa ye-graphite encane yokwandisa ukushisa okushisayo kanye nekhono layo lokumelana nezinguquko zokupholisa okusheshayo nokushisa, ingasetshenziswa njengesikhunta se-glassware.Ngemva kokusebenzisa i-graphite, insimbi emnyama ingathola izilinganiso zokuphonsa ezinembile, ukushelela okuphezulu kwendawo kanye nesivuno, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokucubungula noma ukucubungula okuncane, ngaleyo ndlela ilondoloze inani elikhulu lensimbi.Ukukhiqizwa kwama-alloys aqinile nezinye izinqubo ze-powder metallurgy ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenzisa izinto ze-graphite ukwenza izikebhe ze-ceramic ukuze zicindezeleke futhi zifakwe emanzini.I-crystal growth crucible, isitsha esicwengisisayo sesifunda, isisetshenziswa sokusekela, isifudumezi esingeniswayo, njll. se-silicon ye-monocrystalline konke kucutshungulwa kusukela ku-graphite ehlanzekile kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-graphite ingasetshenziswa njengebhodi lokufaka i-graphite kanye nesisekelo se-vacuum smelting, enokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.

6. Isetshenziswa embonini yamandla e-athomu kanye nemboni yezokuvikela kazwelonke: I-Graphite inamamodareyitha enutroni angcono kakhulu ukuze asetshenziswe kuma-athomu, futhi ama-uranium-graphite reactor awuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-athomu ephendulayo.Izinto ezinciphisa izinga lejubane ezisetshenziswa kumareactor e-athomu ukuze zibe namandla kufanele zibe nendawo ephezulu yokuncibilika, ukuzinza, nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi i-graphite ingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezimfuneko ezingenhla.Isidingo sokuhlanzeka segraphite esetshenziswa njenge-athomu reactor siphezulu kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe okungcolile akufanele kudlule inqwaba yama-PPM.Ikakhulukazi, okuqukethwe kwe-boron kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.5PPM.Embonini yezokuvikela kazwelonke, i-graphite iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwenza imibhobho yamarokhethi kaphethiloli aqinile, izigaxa zekhala ezicitshwayo, izingxenye zemishini yokuzulazula emkhathini, izinto zokuvikela, nezinto zokuvikela imisebe.

7. I-graphite nayo ingavimbela ukukala kwe-boiler.Ukuhlolwa kweyunithi efanelekile kubonise ukuthi ukwengeza inani elithile lempushana ye-graphite (cishe amagremu angu-4-5 ngethani lamanzi) emanzini kungavimbela ukulinganiswa kwe-boiler surface.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumbozwa nge-graphite koshimula bensimbi, uphahla, amabhuloho namapayipi kungavimbela ukugqwala nokugqwala.

8. I-graphite ingasetshenziswa njengomthofu wepensela, umbala, kanye ne-ejenti yokupholisha.Ngemuva kokucubungula okukhethekile, i-graphite ingenziwa ibe yizinto ezihlukahlukene ezikhethekile ukuze zisetshenziswe eminyangweni yezimboni efanele.

9. I-Electrode: I-graphite ine-conductivity enhle nokumelana okuphansi.Ama-electrode e-graphite angakhiqizelwa izithando zokuncibilikisa kanye nama-arc kagesi ezimbonini zensimbi neze-silicon.