I-Bentonite iyiminerali engeyona eyensimbi ene-montmorillonite njengengxenye yamaminerali eyinhloko.Isakhiwo se-montmorillonite siyi-crystal yohlobo lwe-2:1 esakhiwe ama-silicon oxide tetrahedron amabili ahlanganiswe nongqimba lwe-aluminium oxide octahedron.Ngenxa yesakhiwo esinezingqimba esakhiwe i-montmorillonite crystal cell, kukhona ama-cations athile, afana ne-Cu, Mg, Na, K, njll., futhi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalawa ma-cation kanye ne-montmorillonite crystal cell akuzinzile kakhulu, okulula ishintshwe ngamanye ama-cations, ngakho-ke inezindawo ezinhle zokushintshanisa i-ion.Phesheya kwezilwandle, isetshenziswe eminyangweni engaphezu kwe-100 emikhakheni engu-24 yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni nezolimo, enemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-300, ngakho abantu bayibiza ngokuthi "inhlabathi yendawo yonke".

I-Bentonite yaziwa nangokuthi i-bentonite, i-bentonite, noma i-bentonite.I-China inomlando omude wokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa i-bentonite, ekuqaleni eyayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlanza.(Kwakunezimayini zemigodi evulekile endaweni yaseRenshou eSichuan emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, futhi abantu bendawo babebiza i-bentonite inhlabathi powder.).Isetshenziswe kabanzi iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu kuphela.Ukutholwa kwakuqala e-United States kwakusesigabeni sasendulo sase-Wyoming, lapho ubumba oluphuzi-oluhlaza, olunganwebeka lube unamathisele ngemva kokwengeza amanzi, lubizwa ngokuthi i-bentonite.Eqinisweni, ingxenye eyinhloko yamaminerali ye-bentonite i-montmorillonite, enokuqukethwe kwe-85-90%.Ezinye izakhiwo ze-bentonite nazo zinqunywa yi-montmorillonite.I-Montmorillonite ingathatha imibala ehlukahlukene njengoluhlaza ophuzi, ophuzi omhlophe, ompunga, omhlophe, njalonjalo.Ingenza izigaxa eziminyene noma inhlabathi exegayo, izwakale ngokushelela lapho ihlikihlwa ngeminwe yakho.Ngemuva kokwengeza amanzi, umzimba omncane unwebeka izikhathi eziningana izikhathi ezingu-20-30 ngevolumu, futhi ubonakala umisiwe emanzini.Lapho kunamanzi amancane, abonakala enama-mushy.Izakhiwo ze-montmorillonite zihlobene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi.

Inhlabathi ehlanzekile yemvelo

Okungukuthi, ubumba olumhlophe olwenzeka ngokwemvelo olunezinto ezingokwemvelo zokushibilika ubumba olumhlophe, olumhlophe olumpunga ngokuyinhloko olwakhiwa i-montmorillonite, i-albite, ne-quartz, futhi iwuhlobo lwe-bentonite.

Ikakhulukazi umkhiqizo wokubola kwe-vitreous volcanic rock, engakhuli ngemva kokumunca amanzi, futhi inani le-pH lokumiswa liyi-asidi ebuthakathaka, ehlukile kune-alkaline bentonite;Ukusebenza kwayo kubi kakhulu kunobumba olucushiwe.Imibala ngokuvamile ihlanganisa okuphuzi okukhanyayo, okumhlophe okuluhlaza okotshani, okumpunga, umbala womnqumo, onsundu, omhlophe wobisi, obomvu bepentshisi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njalo njalo.Bambalwa kakhulu abamhlophe qwa.Ukuminyana: 2.7-2.9g/cm.Ukuminyana okubonakalayo kuvame ukuphansi ngenxa ye-porosity.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kufana nobumba obuvamile, izingxenye zamakhemikhali eziyinhloko ziyi-aluminium oxide, i-silicon dioxide, amanzi, nenani elincane lensimbi, i-magnesium, i-calcium, njll. Ayikho ipulasitiki, i-adsorption ephezulu.Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-hydrous silicic acid, i-acidic ku-litmus.Amanzi athambekele ekuqhekekeni futhi anenani eliphezulu lamanzi.Ngokuvamile, ukucoleka kokuqina, kuyanda amandla okukhipha umbala.

Phakathi nesigaba sokuhlola, lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, kuyadingeka ukukala ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlophe, i-asidi, ukusebenza kokuhlunga, ukumuncwa kukawoyela, nezinye izinto.

I-bentonite ore
I-Bentonite ore iyiminerali enokusetshenziswa okuningi, futhi ikhwalithi yayo nezinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza zincike ikakhulukazi kokuqukethwe kanye nohlobo lwesibaluli se-montmorillonite kanye nezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali e-crystal.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kuhluke kusuka kweyami kuye kweyami kanye nomsebenzi nomsebenzi.Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kobumba olucushiwe, i-calcium esekelwe ku-sodium esekelwe, ukumba i-grouting yokumba i-petroleum, esikhundleni sesitashi njenge-slurry yokuphotha, ukuphrinta nokudaya, kusetshenziswa izindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zodonga ezintweni zokwakha, ukulungisa i-bentonite ephilayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-4A zeolite. kusuka ku-bentonite, ukukhiqiza i-carbon emhlophe emnyama, njalonjalo.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-calcium based based and sodium based

Uhlobo lwe-bentonite lunqunywa uhlobo lwe-interlayer cation ku-bentonite.Uma i-interlayer cation i-Na+, ibizwa ngokuthi i-sodium based bentonite;I-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium ibizwa ngokuthi i-interlayer cation i-Ca+.I-sodium montmorillonite (noma i-sodium bentonite) inezakhiwo ezingcono kune-calcium based bentonite.Nokho, ukusatshalaliswa kwenhlabathi ene-calcareous emhlabeni kubanzi kakhulu kunomhlabathi wesodium.Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuqinisa ukufuna umhlabathi we-sodium, kuyadingeka ukuguqula inhlabathi ye-calcareous ukuze ibe yinhlabathi ye-sodium.