I-Bentonite iyiminerali engeyona eyensimbi ene-montmorillonite njengengxenye eyinhloko yamaminerali. Isakhiwo se-montmorillonite siyisakhiwo sekristalu sohlobo lwe-2:1 esakhiwe ngama-tetrahedrons amabili e-silicon oxide ahlanganiswe nesendlalelo se-aluminium oxide octahedron. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esinezingqimba esakhiwe yiseli lekristalu le-montmorillonite, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-cation, njenge-Cu, Mg, Na, K, njll., futhi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ze-cations kanye neseli lekristalu le-montmorillonite akuzinzile kakhulu, okulula ukushintshaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-cations, ngakho-ke inezakhiwo ezinhle zokushintshana kwama-ion. Kwamanye amazwe, isetshenziswe eminyangweni engaphezu kwe-100 emikhakheni engu-24 yokukhiqiza kwezimboni nezolimo, enemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-300, ngakho abantu bayibiza ngokuthi “inhlabathi yendawo yonke”.

I-Bentonite yaziwa nangokuthi i-bentonite, i-bentonite, noma i-bentonite. I-China inomlando omude wokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa i-bentonite, eyayisetshenziswa kuphela njengesihlanzi. (Kwakukhona izimayini zemigodi evulekile endaweni yaseRenshou eSichuan emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, kanye nabantu bendawo ababeyibiza ngokuthi i-bentonite soil powder.) Isetshenziswe kabanzi iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu kuphela. Ukutholwa kokuqala e-United States kwakusesigabeni sasendulo saseWyoming, lapho ubumba oluphuzi-luhlaza, olungakhula lube yi-paste ngemva kokufaka amanzi, lwalubizwa ngokuthi i-bentonite. Eqinisweni, ingxenye eyinhloko yamaminerali ye-bentonite yi-montmorillonite, enokuqukethwe okungu-85-90%. Ezinye izakhiwo ze-bentonite nazo zinqunywa yi-montmorillonite. I-Montmorillonite ingathatha imibala ehlukahlukene njengoluhlaza ophuzi, ophuzi omhlophe, ompunga, omhlophe, njalo njalo. Ingakha izigaxa ezixinene noma inhlabathi ekhululekile, ngomuzwa oshelelayo lapho ihlikihlwa ngeminwe yakho. Ngemva kokufaka amanzi, umzimba omncane uyakhula izikhathi eziningana ube yizikhathi ezingu-20-30 ngobuningi, futhi ubonakale ulenga emanzini. Uma amanzi engekho kahle, abonakala ethambile. Izakhiwo ze-montmorillonite zihlobene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayo kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi.

Inhlabathi yemvelo ephuziwe

Okungukuthi, ubumba olumhlophe oluvela ngokwemvelo olunezakhiwo zokumhlopheza lubumba olumhlophe, olumpunga oluhlanganiswe kakhulu yi-montmorillonite, i-albite, ne-quartz, futhi luhlobo lwe-bentonite.

Ngokuyinhloko kuwumkhiqizo wokubola kwedwala lentaba-mlilo i-vitreous, elingakhuli ngemva kokumunca amanzi, kanti inani le-pH lokumiswa yi-asidi ebuthakathaka, ehlukile ku-alkaline bentonite; Ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlopheza kubi kakhulu kunobumba olusebenzayo. Imibala ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ophuzi okhanyayo, omhlophe oluhlaza okotshani, ompunga, umbala womnqumo, onsundu, omhlophe wobisi, obomvu wepetshisi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njalo njalo. Zimbalwa kakhulu ezimhlophe ngokuphelele. Ubuningi: 2.7-2.9g/cm2. Ubuningi obubonakalayo buvame ukuba buphansi ngenxa yokwakheka kwezimbobo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kufana nobumba olujwayelekile, kanti izingxenye eziyinhloko zamakhemikhali ziyi-aluminium oxide, i-silicon dioxide, amanzi, kanye nenani elincane lensimbi, i-magnesium, i-calcium, njll. Akukho pulasitiki, ukumuncwa okuphezulu. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-hydrous silicic acid, i-asidi ku-litmus. Amanzi avame ukuqhekeka futhi anokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi. Ngokuvamile, uma ubuncane buncane, kulapho amandla okususa umbala ephakama khona.

Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlola, lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, kuyadingeka ukukala ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlophe, i-asidi, ukusebenza kokuhlunga, ukumuncwa kwamafutha, nezinye izinto.

Itshe le-Bentonite
I-Bentonite ore iyiminerali esetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi, futhi ikhwalithi yayo kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwayo kuncike kakhulu kokuqukethwe kanye nohlobo lwesici se-montmorillonite kanye nezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ekristalu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kumele kuhluke kusuka kweyami kuya kweyami kanye nomsebenzi kuya komunye. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kobumba olusebenzayo, i-calcium esekelwe ku-sodium, i-grouting yokumba i-petroleum drilling, ukufaka esikhundleni sesitashi njenge-slurry yokuphotha, ukuphrinta kanye nokudaya, ukusebenzisa izembozo zodonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezintweni zokwakha, ukulungiselela i-organic bentonite, ukuhlanganisa i-4A zeolite kusuka ku-bentonite, ukukhiqiza i-carbon black emhlophe, njalo njalo.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-calcium based kanye ne-sodium based

Uhlobo lwe-bentonite lunqunywa uhlobo lwe-cation ephakathi kwe-bentonite. Uma i-cation ephakathi kwe-bentonite ingu-Na+, ibizwa ngokuthi i-bentonite esekelwe ku-sodium; i-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium ibizwa ngokuthi i-cation ephakathi kwe-bentonite ingu-Ca+. I-Sodium montmorillonite (noma i-sodium bentonite) inezakhiwo ezingcono kune-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium. Kodwa-ke, ukusatshalaliswa kwenhlabathi ene-calcareous emhlabeni kubanzi kakhulu kunokwenhlabathi ene-sodium. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuqinisa ukusesha inhlabathi ene-sodium, kuyadingeka ukushintsha inhlabathi ene-calcareous ukuze ibe yinhlabathi ene-sodium.