I-Diatomite iwuhlobo lwedwala le-siliceous, elisakazwa kakhulu eChina, e-United States, eJapane, eDenmark, eFrance, eRomania nakwamanye amazwe.Kuyidwala le-biogenic siliceous sedimentary, elakhiwe ikakhulukazi izinsalela zama-diatoms asendulo.Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ayo ikakhulukazi i-SiO2, engavezwa njenge-SiO2 · nH2O, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwamaminerali kuyi-opal nezinhlobo zayo.Izinqolobane ze-diatomite e-China zingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-320, kanti izindawo ezingase zigcinwe zingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili.

Ukuminyana kwe-diatomite ngu-1.9-2.3g/cm3, ukuminyana kwenqwaba ngu-0.34-0.65g/cm3, indawo ethize ingu-40-65 ㎡/g, kanti ivolumu yembotshana ingu-0.45-0.98m ³/ g.Ukumuncwa kwamanzi kuyizikhathi ezi-2-4 zevolumu yayo, futhi indawo yokuncibilika ingu-1650C-1750 ℃.Isakhiwo esikhethekile se-porous singabonwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu se-electron.

I-Diatomite yenziwe nge-amorphous SiO2 futhi iqukethe inani elincane le-Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Al2O3 kanye nokungcola okuphilayo.I-Diatomite ivamise ukuphuzi ngokukhanyayo noma impunga ekhanyayo, ithambile, inezimbotshana futhi ilula.Ivamise ukusetshenziswa embonini njengezinto zokushisa ezishisayo, okokuhlunga, okokugcwalisa, okuhuquzelayo, impahla eluhlaza yengilazi yamanzi, i-ejenti ye-decolorizing, i-diatomite filter aid, catalyst carrier, njll. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-diatomite yemvelo yi-SiO2.I-diatomite yekhwalithi ephezulu imhlophe, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-SiO2 kuvame ukudlula ama-70%.I-Monomer diatom ayinambala futhi isobala.Umbala we-diatomite uncike kumaminerali obumba kanye ne-organic matter, njll. Ukwakheka kwe-diatomite emithonjeni ehlukene yamaminerali kuhlukile.

I-Diatomite iwuhlobo lwe-diatom eqongelelekayo yediphozi yenhlabathi eyakhiwe ngemva kokufa kwesitshalo esinengqamuzana elilodwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-diatom ngemva kwesikhathi sokunqwabelana esiyiminyaka eyi-10000 kuya kweziyi-20000.I-Diatom ingenye ye-protozoa yokuqala emhlabeni, ehlala emanzini olwandle noma emanzini echibi.

Le diatomite yakhiwa ngokufakwa kwezinsalela ze-diatom yezitshalo zasemanzini ezineseli elilodwa.Ukusebenza okuyingqayizivele kwale diatom ukuthi ingakwazi ukumunca i-silicon yamahhala emanzini ukuze yakhe uhlaka lwamathambo ayo.Lapho ukuphila kwayo sekuphelile, izofaka futhi yakhe idiphozithi ye-diatomite ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokwakheka komhlaba.Inezici ezithile eziyingqayizivele, njenge-porosity, ukugxila okuphansi, indawo enkulu ethize, ukungezwani okuhlobene nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali.Ngemva kokushintsha usayizi wezinhlayiyana zokusabalalisa kanye nezindawo ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi eluhlaza ngokugaya, ukuhlunga, ukubala, ukuhlukaniswa kokugeleza komoya, ukususwa kokungcola nezinye izinqubo zokucubungula, kungasetshenziswa ezidingweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni ezifana nezithasiselo zopende.