I-Kaolin iyiminerali engeyona eyensimbi, okuwuhlobo lobumba nedwala lobumba oluhlanganiswe kakhulu ngamaminerali obumba eqembu le-kaolinite. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okumhlophe nokuthambile, yaziwa nangokuthi inhlabathi yaseBaiyun. Iqanjwe ngegama leGaoling Village eJingdezhen, eSifundazweni saseJiangxi.

I-kaolin yayo emsulwa imhlophe, ithambile, futhi ithambile ngokwakheka, inezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba nezamakhemikhali njengokuqina kanye nokumelana nomlilo. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamaminerali kwakhiwe kakhulu yi-kaolinite, i-halloysite, i-hydromica, i-illite, i-montmorillonite, kanye namaminerali afana ne-quartz ne-feldspar. I-Kaolin inezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ekwenzeni iphepha, izinto zobumba, nezinto eziphikisayo, kulandelwa ukumbozwa, izigcwalisi zerabha, ama-enamel glaze, kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zesimende esimhlophe. Ngobuningi obuncane, isetshenziswa kupulasitiki, upende, imibala, amasondo okugaya, amapensela, izimonyo zansuku zonke, insipho, izibulala-zinambuzane, imithi, izindwangu, uphethiloli, amakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, ukuvikela izwe kanye neminye imikhakha yezimboni.

Izici zenqubo
Ukukhanya Okumhlophe Okugoqekayo

Ubumhlophe bungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-kaolin, kanti i-kaolin emsulwa kakhulu imhlophe. Ubumhlophe be-kaolin buhlukaniswe ngobumhlophe bemvelo nobumhlophe obufakwe i-calcium. Kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ceramic, ubumhlophe ngemva kwe-calcination bubaluleke kakhulu, futhi uma ubumhlophe obufakwe i-calcium buphakeme, ikhwalithi iba ngcono. Inqubo ye-ceramic ibeka ukuthi ukomisa ku-105 ℃ kuyindinganiso yokulinganisa ubumhlophe bemvelo, kanti i-calcining ku-1300 ℃ iyindinganiso yokulinganisa ubumhlophe obufakwe i-calcium. Ubumhlophe bungalinganiswa kusetshenziswa imitha yobumhlophe. Imitha yobumhlophe ilinganisa ukukhanya okungu-3800-7000Å Idivayisi yokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kubude be-wavelength obungu-(okungukuthi, 1 angstrom=0.1 nanometers). Kumitha yobumhlophe, ukubonakaliswa kwesampula yokuhlola kuqhathaniswa nokwesampula ejwayelekile (njenge-BaSO4, i-MgO, njll.), okuholela enanini lobumhlophe (njengobumhlophe obungu-90, okulingana no-90% wokubonakaliswa kwesampula ejwayelekile).

Ukukhanya kuyisici senqubo esifana nobumhlophe, esilingana no-4570Å Ubumhlophe ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-wavelength (angstrom).

Umbala we-kaolin uhlobene kakhulu nama-oxide ensimbi noma izinto eziphilayo ezikuwo. Ngokuvamile uqukethe i-Fe2O3, ubonakala ubomvu obomvu kanye nophuzi onsundu; Uqukethe i-Fe2+, ubonakala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Uqukethe i-MnO2, ubonakala unombala onsundu okhanyayo; Uma uqukethe izinto eziphilayo, ubonakala uphuzi okhanyayo, ompunga, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama neminye imibala. Lokhu kungcola kukhona, kunciphisa ubumhlophe bemvelo be-kaolin. Phakathi kwazo, amaminerali ensimbi kanye ne-titanium nawo angathinta ubumhlophe obufakwe i-calcium, okubangela amabala ombala noma izibazi ezincibilikayo ku-porcelain.

Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezigoqekayo
Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kubhekisela engxenyeni yezinhlayiya ku-kaolin yemvelo ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuqhubekayo obunikeziwe bobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezahlukene (obuvezwa ngamamilimitha noma nge-micrometer mesh), obuvezwa ngokuqukethwe kwephesenti. Izici zokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ze-kaolin zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo ye-ores. Usayizi wezinhlayiya zayo unomthelela omkhulu ekubunjweni kwayo, ukuthambekela kodaka, umthamo wokushintshana kwama-ion, ukusebenza kokwakha, ukusebenza kokomisa, kanye nokusebenza kokudubula. I-ore ye-kaolin idinga ukucutshungulwa kobuchwepheshe, nokuthi kulula yini ukuyicubungula kuze kube ubuncane obudingekayo isibe ngenye yezindinganiso zokuhlola ikhwalithi ye-ore. Umnyango ngamunye wezimboni unezidingo ezithile zobukhulu bezinhlayiya kanye nobuncane be-kaolin ngezinhloso ezahlukene. Uma i-United States idinga i-kaolin esetshenziswa njengesembozo ibe ngaphansi kuka-2 μ Okuqukethwe kwe-m kubalwa u-90-95%, kanti izinto zokugcwalisa iphepha zingaphansi kuka-2 μ M kubalwa u-78-80%.

Ukubopha okugoqiwe
Ukunamathela kubhekisela ekhonweni le-kaolin lokuhlangana nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingezona ipulasitiki ukuze kwakhiwe izinqwaba zodaka lwepulasitiki futhi kube namandla athile okomisa. Ukunqunywa kwekhono lokubopha kuhilela ukwengeza isihlabathi se-quartz esijwayelekile (esinokwakheka kwesisindo sengxenye engu-0.25-0.15 yobukhulu bezinhlayiyana engaba ngu-70% kanye nengxenye engu-0.15-0.09mm yobukhulu bezinhlayiyana engaba ngu-30%) ku-kaolin. Uma sibheka ukuphakama kwayo ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwesihlabathi lapho isakwazi ukugcina ubumba lwepulasitiki kanye namandla ayo okuguquguquka ngemva kokoma, lapho kunezelwa isihlabathi esiningi, kulapho ikhono lokubopha lale kaolin liqina khona. Ngokuvamile, i-kaolin enokubumba okuqinile nayo inekhono lokubopha eliqinile.

Ingcina egoqekayo
Ukuqina kubhekisela kusici soketshezi oluvimbela ukugeleza kwalo okuhlobene ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi. Ubukhulu balo (okusebenza endaweni eyi-1 yeyunithi yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi) bumelelwa ukuqina, kumayunithi e-Pa · s. Ukunqunywa kokuqina kuvame ukulinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-viscometer ejikelezayo, elinganisa ijubane lokujikeleza odakeni lwe-kaolin oluqukethe okuqukethwe okuqinile okungu-70%. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu. Akuyona nje ipharamitha ebalulekile embonini ye-ceramic, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omkhulu embonini yokwenza amaphepha. Ngokusho kwedatha, uma usebenzisa i-kaolin njengengubo emazweni angaphandle, ukuqina kuyadingeka ukuthi kube cishe yi-0.5Pa · s yokugqoka ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nangaphansi kwe-1.5Pa · s yokugqoka ngesivinini esiphezulu.

I-Thixotropy ibhekisela ezicini zokuthi i-slurry eqinisiwe yaba ijeli futhi engasagelezi iba uketshezi ngemva kokucindezeleka, bese iqina kancane kancane ibe sesimweni sokuqala ngemva kokuba ingashintshi. I-coefficient yobukhulu isetshenziselwa ukumela usayizi wayo, futhi ilinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-viscometer yokuphuma kanye ne-viscometer ye-capillary.

I-viscosity kanye ne-thixotropy kuhlobene nokwakheka kwamaminerali, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nohlobo lwe-cation odakeni. Ngokuvamile, labo abanokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-montmorillonite, izinhlayiya ezincane, kanye ne-sodium njenge-cation eyinhloko eshintshaniswayo bane-viscosity ephezulu kanye ne-coefficient yokuqina. Ngakho-ke, kule nqubo, izindlela ezinjengokwengeza ubumba olupulasitiki kakhulu kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuncane zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa i-viscosity kanye ne-thixotropy yalo, kuyilapho izindlela ezinjengokwandisa i-electrolyte exutshwe kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanzi zisetshenziswa ukunciphisa.