I-Kaolin iyiminerali engeyona eyensimbi, okuwuhlobo lwedwala lobumba nobumba ikakhulukazi elakhiwe ngamaminerali obumba weqembu le-kaolinite.Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okumhlophe nokuthambile, yaziwa nangokuthi inhlabathi ye-Baiyun.Iqanjwe ngeGaoling Village eJingdezhen, esifundazweni saseJiangxi.

I-kaolin yayo emsulwa imhlophe, intekenteke, futhi ithambile ngokuthungwa, inezici ezinhle zomzimba namakhemikhali njengepulasitiki nokumelana nomlilo.Ukwakheka kwayo kwamaminerali ikakhulukazi kwakhiwe i-kaolinite, i-halloysite, i-hydromica, i-illite, i-montmorillonite, kanye namaminerali afana ne-quartz ne-feldspar.I-Kaolin inezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza iphepha, izitsha zobumba, nezinto eziphikisayo, kulandelwa izinto zokumboza, izithasiselo zenjoloba, okoqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo, nezinto zokusetshenziswa zikasimende omhlophe.Ngamanani amancane, isetshenziswa epulasitiki, upende, izingulube, amasondo okugaya, amapensela, izimonyo zansuku zonke, insipho, izibulala-zinambuzane, imithi, izindwangu, i-petroleum, amakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, ukuvikela izwe kanye neminye imikhakha yezimboni.

Izici zenqubo
Ukukhanya Okumhlophe Okugoqa

Ubumhlophe bungenye yemingcele eyinhloko yokusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-kaolin, futhi i-kaolin ehlanzekile kakhulu imhlophe.Ubumhlophe be-kaolin buhlukaniswe bumhlophe bemvelo kanye nomhlophe obala.Ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ceramic, ubumhlophe ngemuva kokubala bubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukuphakama kobumhlophe obubaliwe, ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu.Inqubo ye-ceramic ibeka ukuthi ukomisa ku-105 ℃ yizinga lokugreda lobumhlophe bemvelo, futhi ukubala ku-1300 ℃ izinga lokugreda lobumhlophe obaliwe.Ubumhlophe bungakalwa kusetshenziswa imitha yobumhlophe.Imitha yobumhlophe ikala ukukhanya kwe-3800-7000Å Idivayisi yokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kubude begagasi (okungukuthi, 1 angstrom=0.1 nanometers).Kumitha emhlophe, ukubonakaliswa kwesampula yokuhlola kuqhathaniswa nalokho kwesampula evamile (njenge-BaSO4, MgO, njll.), okuholela enanini lobumhlophe (njengobumhlophe obungu-90, okulingana no-90% we ukubonakaliswa kwesampula ejwayelekile).

Ukukhanya kuyinqubo yepropathi efana nobumhlophe, okulingana no-4570Å Ubumhlophe obungaphansi kwe-(angstrom) i-wavelength light irradiation.

Umbala we-kaolin uhlobene kakhulu nama-oxide ensimbi noma izinto eziphilayo eziqukethe.Ngokuvamile equkethe i-Fe2O3, ibonakala i-rose ebomvu nephuzi ensundu;Iqukethe i-Fe2+, ibonakala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani;Iqukethe i-MnO2, ibonakala insundu ngokukhanyayo ngombala;Uma iqukethe izinto eziphilayo, ivela ngemibala ephuzi, empunga, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emnyama neminye.Lokhu kungcola kukhona, kunciphisa ubumhlophe bemvelo be-kaolin.Phakathi kwazo, amaminerali ensimbi ne-titanium nawo angathinta ubumhlophe obubaliwe, abangele amabala ombala noma ancibilike izibazi ku-porcelain.

Ukusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezigoqayo
Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana kubhekisela engxenyeni yezinhlayiya ze-kaolin yemvelo ngaphakathi kohlu oluqhubekayo olunikeziwe losayizi bezinhlayiyana abahlukene (okuvezwa ngamamilimitha noma inezikhala ezincane), ezivezwa ngephesenti lokuqukethwe.Izici zokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-kaolin zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo yensimbi.Ubukhulu bayo bezinhlayiyana bunomthelela omkhulu epulasitiki yayo, i-viscosity yodaka, umthamo wokushintshaniswa kwe-ion, ukusebenza kokwenza, ukusebenza kokumisa, nokusebenza kokudubula.I-Kaolin ore idinga ukucutshungulwa kobuchwepheshe, futhi ukuthi kulula yini ukucutshungulwa ibe yinhlawulo edingekayo isibe ngesinye sezindinganiso zokuhlola ikhwalithi yensimbi.Umnyango ngamunye wezimboni unezidingo ezithile zosayizi wezinhlayiyana nokucoleka kwe-kaolin ngezinhloso ezahlukene.Uma i-United States idinga ukuthi i-kaolin isetshenziswe njenge-coating ibe ngaphansi kuka-2 μ Okuqukethwe kuka-m kubala u-90-95%, futhi impahla yokugcwalisa iphepha ingaphansi kuka-2 μ M ama-akhawunti angu-78-80%.

Goqa ukubopha
Ukunamathela kusho ikhono le-kaolin lokuhlangana nezinto zokusetshenziswa okungezona zepulasitiki ukuze kwakhe udaka lwepulasitiki futhi ibe nezinga elithile lamandla okomisa.Ukunqunywa kwekhono lokubopha kuhilela ukungeza isihlabathi sequartz esivamile (esinokwakheka kwesisindo esingu-0.25-0.15 kasayizi wengxenyana yezinhlayiyana ezibalelwa ku-70% kanye no-0.15-0.09mm wefraction kasayizi wezinhlayiyana ezibalelwa ku-30%) ku-kaolin.Uma ubheka ubude baso ngokusekelwe esihlabathini saso esiphezulu lapho sisakwazi ukulondoloza ubumba lwepulasitiki namandla aso aguquguqukayo ngemva kokoma, lapho kunezelwa isihlabathi esiningi, amandla okubopha ale kaolin aqina.Ngokuvamile, i-kaolin ene-plasticity eqinile futhi inekhono eliqinile lokubopha.

Ingcina yokugoqa
I-viscosity isho isici soketshezi oluthiya ukugeleza kwalo okuhlobene ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi.Ubukhulu bayo (okusebenza endaweni yeyunithi engu-1 yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi) imelelwa yi-viscosity, ngamayunithi we-Pa · s.Ukunqunywa kwe-viscosity ngokuvamile kukalwa kusetshenziswa i-viscometer ejikelezayo, ekala isivinini sokujikeleza odakeni lwe-kaolin oluqukethe u-70% wokuqukethwe okuqinile.Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, i-viscosity ibaluleke kakhulu.Akuyona nje ipharamitha ebalulekile embonini ye-ceramic, kodwa futhi inomthelela omkhulu embonini yokwenza iphepha.Ngokusho kwedatha, uma usebenzisa i-kaolin njenge-coating emazweni angaphandle, i-viscosity iyadingeka ukuthi ibe yi-0.5Pa · s yokugqoka ngesivinini esiphansi futhi ngaphansi kwe-1.5Pa · s yokugqoka ngesivinini esikhulu.

Thixotropy ibhekisela ezicini zokuthi i-slurry eye yajiya yaba ijeli futhi engasakwazi ukugeleza iba uketshezi ngemva kokucindezelwa, bese ishuba kancane kancane ibe sesimweni sokuqala ngemva kokuba i-static.I-coefficient yokuqina isetshenziselwa ukumela usayizi wayo, futhi ikalwa kusetshenziswa i-viscometer yokuphuma kanye ne-capillary viscometer.

I-viscosity ne-thixotropy ihlobene nokwakheka kwamaminerali, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, kanye nohlobo lwe-cation odakeni.Ngokuvamile, lezo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-montmorillonite, izinhlayiya ezinhle, ne-sodium njenge-cation eshintshayo eyinhloko zine-viscosity ephezulu kanye ne-coefficient ekhulayo.Ngakho-ke, kule nqubo, izindlela ezifana nokwengeza ubumba oluningi lwepulasitiki nokuthuthukisa ukucolisa ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa i-viscosity yayo kanye ne-thixotropy, kuyilapho izindlela ezinjengokwandisa i-electrolyte ehlanjululwe kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanzi zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa.