Itshe lentaba-mlilo (elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-pumice noma i-basalt enezimbotshana) liyinto esebenzayo futhi evumelana nemvelo, okuyitshe eliyigugu kakhulu elinezimbotshana elakhiwe ingilazi yentaba-mlilo, amaminerali, namabhamuza ngemva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.Itshe lentaba-mlilo liqukethe inqwaba yamaminerali kanye nezakhi zokulandelela ezifana ne-sodium, i-magnesium, i-aluminium, i-silicon, i-calcium, i-titanium, i-manganese, insimbi, i-nickel, i-cobalt, ne-molybdenum.Ayinamisebe futhi inamaza kazibuthe e-infrared.Ngemva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okungenalusizo, ngemva kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, Abantu baya ngokuya bethola ukubaluleka kwayo.Manje isinwebe izinkambu zayo zokufaka isicelo ukuze ifinyelele emikhakheni efana nezakhiwo, ukongiwa kwamanzi, ukugaya, okokuhlunga, amalahle esoso, ukunakekelwa kwezwe, ukutshala okungenamhlaba, kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlobisa, idlala indima engenakushintshwa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

Izici ze-volcanic pumice (basalt) kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-volcanic rock biological filter materials.
Ukubukeka nokuma: Azikho izinhlayiya ezibukhali, ukumelana okuphansi nokugeleza kwamanzi, akulula ukuvinjwa, amanzi nomoya ohlukaniswe ngokulinganayo, indawo emagebhugebhu, isivinini esilengayo sefilimu esisheshayo, kanye nokungajwayeleki kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni amafilimu amancane ngesikhathi sokushaywa ngokuphindaphindiwe.

I-Porosity: Amatshe entaba-mlilo ngokwemvelo angamaselula futhi anezimbotshana, okuwenza abe indawo engcono kakhulu yokukhula yemiphakathi ephilayo.
Amandla omshini: Ngokomnyango kazwelonke wokuhlola ikhwalithi, ingu-5.08Mpa, osekufakazelwe ukuthi imelana nemiphumela yokugunda kwe-hydraulic yamandla ahlukene futhi inempilo ende yesevisi kunezinye izinto zokuhlunga.
Ukuminyana: Ukuminyana okumaphakathi, kulula ukukumisa phakathi nokuwashwa ngemuva ngaphandle kokuvuza kwempahla, okungagcina amandla futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo: Izinto ze-biofilter ye-volcanic rock azikwazi ukugqwala, azihlanganisi, futhi azibambi iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali e-biofilm emvelweni.
Ugesi ongaphezulu kanye ne-hydrophilicity: Ingaphezulu le-volcanic rock biofilter ineshaja enhle, ehambisana nokukhula okungaguquki kwama-microorganisms.Ine-hydrophilicity eqinile, inani elikhulu le-biofilm enamathiselwe, kanye nesivinini esisheshayo.

Mayelana nomthelela kumsebenzi we-biofilm: Njengesithwali se-biofilm, imidiya ye-volcanic rock biofilter ayinayo ingozi futhi ayinawo umthelela ovimbela ama-microorganisms angaguquki, futhi ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi akuthinti umsebenzi wamagciwane.
Izici ze-Hydraulics ze-volcanic rock biological filter material.

Izinga elingenalutho: Isilinganiso se-porosity ngaphakathi nangaphandle singama-40%, esinokumelana okuphansi kwamanzi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezifanayo zokuhlunga, inani elidingekayo lezinto zokuhlunga lincane, futhi umgomo wokuhlunga olindelekile nawo ungafinyelelwa.
Indawo ethize ethile: Ngendawo enkulu ethile, i-porosity ephezulu, kanye nokungabi namandla, ivumela ukuxhumana nokukhula kwezilwanyana ezincane, igcine i-biomass ephezulu ye-microbial, futhi yenza kube lula inqubo yokudlulisa umoya-mpilo, imisoco, kanye nemfucuza ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-microbial. umzimba.
Umumo wempahla yesihlungi kanye nephethini yokugeleza kwamanzi: Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokuhlunga zebhayoloji ye-volcanic rock ziyizinhlayiya ezingaqondile futhi zinosayizi wembotshana enkulu kunezinhlayiya zobumba, azikwazi ukumelana nokugeleza kwamanzi futhi zonga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla lapho zisetshenziswa.

Izici zayo ukuthi inezimbotshana eziningi, isisindo esilula, amandla aphezulu, ukwahlukanisa, ukumuncwa komsindo, ukuvimbela umlilo, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi ayingcolisi futhi ayinayo imisebe.Iwuhlaza wemvelo okahle, evumelana nemvelo futhi eyonga amandla.