Indima ye-metakaolin kukhonkrithi

(1) Ukuthuthukisa amandla esimende kanye nodaka, amandla aphezulu kungenye yezinkomba zekhonkrithi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zokwengeza i-metakaolin ukuthuthukisa amandla esimende kanye nodaka lwekhonkrithi.

UPoon nabanye (2001) benze izivivinyo zamandla okucindezela kuma-slurries esimende anesilinganiso sikasimende samanzi esingu-0.3, esilungiselelwe ngokufaka esikhundleni sikasimende sasePortland nge-kaolin engu-0-20% (ingxenye yobuningi) kanye ne-silica powder. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi amandla okucindezela ama-slurries esimende aqukethe i-kaolin engu-5% kuya ku-20% ayephezulu kunalawo esimende esibhekiselwe kuwo wonke ubudala, kanti usimende oqukethe i-kaolin engu-10% ubonisa ukwanda kwamandla angu-20% ezinsukwini ezingu-28 nezingu-90 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-simende esibhekiselwe kuyo. Usimende oqukethe i-silica powder engu-5% kuya ku-10% uphinde wabonisa ukwanda kwamandla angu-20% ezinsukwini ezingu-28 nezingu-90 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-simende esibhekiselwe kuyo. Amandla ayo ku-28d naku-90d alingana nalawo esimende se-kaolin, kodwa amandla ayo okuqala aphansi kune-benchmark cement. Ukuhlaziywa kusikisela ukuthi lokhu kungase kuhlobane nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwe-silicon powder esetshenzisiwe kanye nokuhlakazeka okunganele ku-slurry yesimende.

(2) ULi Keliang nabanye (2005) bafunde imiphumela yokushisa kwe-calcination, isikhathi se-calcination, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-SiO2 kanye ne-A12O3 ku-kaolin emsebenzini we-metakaolin ukuthuthukisa amandla ekhonkrithi yesamente. Ama-polymer ekhonkrithi anamandla aphezulu kanye nenhlabathi alungiselelwe kusetshenziswa i-metakaolin. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-kaolin kungu-15% kanye nesilinganiso sekhonkrithi yamanzi kungu-0.4, amandla okucindezela ezinsuku ezingu-28 angu-71.9 MPa. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-kaolin kungu-10% kanye nesilinganiso sekhonkrithi yamanzi kungu-0.375, amandla okucindezela ezinsuku ezingu-28 angu-73.9 MPa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-metakaolin kungu-10%, inkomba yomsebenzi wayo ifinyelela ku-114, okuphakeme ngo-11.8% kunenani elifanayo lempuphu ye-silicon. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi i-metakaolin ingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela ikhonkrithi enamandla aphezulu.

UQian Xiaoqian nabanye (2001) bafunde ubudlelwano bokucindezeleka kokuqina kwe-axial kokhonkolo nokuqukethwe kwe-kaolin okungu-0, 0.5%, 10%, kanye no-15%. Bathole ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-kaolin, ukuqina okuphezulu kwamandla okuqina kwe-axial kokhonkolo kwanda kakhulu, kanti i-modulus ye-tensile elastic yahlala ingashintshile. Kodwa-ke, amandla okucindezela ekhonkolo anda kakhulu, kanti isilinganiso samandla okucindezela sancipha ngokufanayo. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-kaolin kungu-15%, amandla okucindezela kanye namandla okucindezela ekhonkolo angu-128% kanye no-184% wekhonkolo ebhekiselayo, ngokulandelana.

UCao Zhengliang nabanye (2004) bathole ocwaningweni lwabo ngomphumela wokuqinisa wempuphu ye-ultrafine ye-metakaolin kukhonkrithi ukuthi, ngaphansi kokuguquguquka okufanayo, udoti oqukethe i-10% ye-metakaolin wandise amandla awo okucindezela kanye namandla okuguquguquka ngo-6% kuya ku-8% ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-28. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuqala kukhonkrithi exutshwe ne-metakaolin kwakushesha kakhulu kunokokhonkolo ojwayelekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo ojwayelekile, ikhonkrithi equkethe i-15% ye-metakaolin inokwenyuka okungu-84% kwamandla okucindezela kwe-3D axial kanye nokwenyuka okungu-80% kwamandla okucindezela kwe-28d axial, kuyilapho i-static elastic modulus inokwenyuka okungu-9% ku-3D kanye nokwenyuka okungu-8% ku-28d.

UHuang Zhan nabanye (2008) bafunde umphumela wezilinganiso ezahlukene zokuxuba ze-metakaolin kanye ne-slag emandleni nasekuqineni kwekhonkrithi. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-metakaolin kukhonkrithi ye-slag kuthuthukisa kokubili amandla nokuqina kwekhonkrithi. Isilinganiso esifanele se-slag nekhonkrithi singu-3:7, okuholela emandleni ekhonkrithi afanele. Umehluko we-arch wekhonkrithi ehlanganisiwe uphakeme kancane kunowekhonkrithi eyodwa ye-slag, ngenxa yomphumela womlotha wentaba-mlilo we-metakaolin. Amandla ayo okuqhekeka aphakeme kunowekhonkrithi esezingeni elifanele.

UYang Fengling nabanye (2011) basebenzise amanani alinganayo e-metakaolin, umlotha ophumayo, kanye ne-slag ukuze bathathe indawo yesimende, futhi baxuba i-metakaolin ngokwahlukana nomlotha ophumayo kanye ne-slag ukuze balungiselele ukhonkolo. Kufundwe ukusebenza kahle, amandla okucindezela, kanye nokuqina kwekhonkolo. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi lapho i-kaolin isetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni sika-5% kuya ku-25% wekhonkolo ngamanani alinganayo, amandla okucindezela ekhonkolo kuyo yonke iminyaka athuthukiswa; Lapho i-kaolin isetshenziswa ngamanani alinganayo ukufaka esikhundleni sikamende ngama-20%, amandla okucindezela kuyo yonke iminyaka afaneleka kakhulu. Amandla ku-3d, 7d, kanye no-28d angama-26.0%, 14.3%, kanye no-8.9% aphezulu kunalawo ekhonkolo ngaphandle kokufakwa kwe-kaolin, ngokulandelana. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngekhonkolo yohlobo lwesibili lwasePortland, ukungezwa kwe-metakaolin kungathuthukisa amandla ekhonkolo elungisiwe.

UZhang Chengbo nabanye (2012) basebenzise i-slag yensimbi, i-metakaolin, nezinye izinto zokwakha njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa ukulungisa usimende we-geopolymer ozothatha indawo yesimende sendabuko sasePortland, bafeza umgomo wokonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokuguqula imfucuza ibe yingcebo. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwensimbi kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha wezimpukane kokubili kungu-20%, amandla ebhulokhi yokuhlola ezinsukwini ezingu-28 afinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu (95.5MPa). Njengoba inani le-slag yensimbi engeziwe landa, lingadlala indima ethile ekunciphiseni ukuncishiswa kwesimende se-geopolymer.

UChen Guocan (2010) wasebenzisa indlela yobuchwepheshe ethi “i-Portland cement+active mineral admixture+high-efficiency water reducing agent”, ubuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi yamanzi enemagnethi kanye nenqubo yokulungiselela evamile, futhi wenza izivivinyo zokulungiselela kukhonkrithi ye-slag yamatshe enamandla aphansi ekhabhoni ephezulu esebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala endaweni ezifana namatshe kanye ne-slag. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso esifanele se-metakaolin siyi-10%. Isilinganiso sesisindo namandla somnikelo wekhonkrithi ngeyunithi ngayinye yekhonkrithi ye-slag yamatshe enamandla aphakeme cishe siphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4.17 kunekhonkrithi evamile, izikhathi ezingu-2.49 kunekhonkrithi enamandla aphakeme (HSC), kanye nezikhathi ezingu-2.02 kunekhonkrithi yempuphu ephendulayo (RPC). Ngakho-ke, ikhonkrithi ye-slag yamatshe enamandla aphakeme kakhulu elungiselelwe ngekhonkrithi ephansi iyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwekhonkrithi esikhathini somnotho we-carbon ephansi.

(3) Ngemva kokufaka i-kaolin enokumelana neqhwa kukhonkolo, usayizi wembobo yekhonkolo uyancipha kakhulu, okuthuthukisa umjikelezo wokuqandisa kwekhonkolo. UFeng Naiqian (2002) uthole ukuthi ngaphansi kwenani elithile lemijikelezo yokuqandisa, i-modulus enwebekayo yesampula yekhonkolo enokuqukethwe okungu-15% kwe-kaolin ezinsukwini ezingu-28 ubudala iphakeme kakhulu kunekhonkolo ebhekisele kuyo ezinsukwini ezingu-28 ubudala. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-metakaolin kanye nezinye izimpushana ze-mineral ultrafine kukhonkolo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokuqina kwekhonkolo.