I-Bentonite powder eguquguqukayo ebophayo ethuthukisa amandla esikhunta ukugoqeka kokuphela kobuso kanye nokuqina kokukhiqiza ku-ferrous
Incazelo emfushane:
Impuphu ye-Bentonite iyiminerali yobumba eyenzeka ngokwemvelo eyakhiwe ngokuguqulwa kwesikhathi eside kwesimo sezulu somlotha wentaba-mlilo namadwala e-silicate, inesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sekristalu esisekela ukusebenza kwayo okuvelele ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-foundry. Le mpuphu ethambile nethambile inezinto ezingokwemvelo ezifana nokumuncwa kwamanzi okunamandla, amandla okuvuvukala amangalisayo, ikhono lokubopha eliphakeme, ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa, kanye nokuhlakazeka okufanayo, konke okwenza kube yinto eluhlaza engenakuphindwa emisebenzini yesimanje ye-foundry. Impuphu ye-Bentonite isebenza njengengxenye eyinhloko yokubopha ezinhlelweni zesihlabathi sokubumba i-foundry, isebenza njengomgogodla obamba izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ndawonye ukuze zakhe isikhunta esiqinile, esinembile ngokwesilinganiso kanye nama-core ezinqubo zokubumba insimbi. Indima yayo embonini ye-foundry idlulela ngale kokubopha okulula, ithonya zonke izigaba zokukhiqizwa kwe-cast, kusukela ekuxubeni isihlabathi kanye nokubumba isikhunta kuya ekuthululweni kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, ukuqina, kanye nokushukuma, okuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi ye-castings eqediwe, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ze-foundry emhlabeni jikelele.
Embonini yokwenziwa kwe-foundry, i-bentonite powder isetshenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni isihlabathi esiluhlaza, indlela yokusika eyamukelwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni uhla olukhulu lwe-ferrous kanye ne-non-ferrous metal castings. Isihlabathi esiluhlaza, esakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngesihlabathi se-silica, i-bentonite powder, amanzi, kanye nezithasiselo ezincane ezisizayo, sincike ngokuphelele ku-bentonite powder ukudala isibopho esihlangene phakathi kwezinhlayiya zesihlabathi ngazinye. Lapho i-bentonite powder ixutshwa namanzi, isakhiwo sayo esinezingqimba siyavuvukala kakhulu, sakhe ifilimu encane, enamathelayo emboza inhlayiya ngayinye yesihlabathi futhi izihlanganise zibe yinqwaba ehlangene. Le ndlela yokubopha iyaguquguquka futhi iguquguquka, ivumela ingxube yesihlabathi esiluhlaza ukuthi ibunjwe kalula ibe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ihlanganiswe ngokulinganayo, futhi igcine isimo sayo ngesikhathi sokuphathwa, ukuthuthwa, kanye nesigaba sokuthululwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe esibalulekile. Ngaphandle kwe-bentonite powder, ukubumba isihlabathi esiluhlaza bekungeke kwenzeke, njengoba isihlabathi esikhululekile singenalo ubuqotho besakhiwo bokumelana nokushisa okukhulu kanye nengcindezi yensimbi encibilikisiwe, okuholela ekuweni kwesikhunta, amaphutha okukhipha, kanye nokwehluleka kokukhiqiza.
Ukusebenza kokubopha kwempuphu ye-bentonite kunquma ngqo amandla aluhlaza esikhunta se-foundry, okuyipharamitha ebalulekile echaza ikhono lesikhunta lokugcina isimo saso nokumelana nokuguquguquka ngesikhathi sokuphathwa ngesandla nangomshini. Impuphu ye-bentonite esezingeni eliphezulu yakha isibopho esiqinile kodwa esiguquguqukayo phakathi kwezinhlayiya zesihlabathi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhunta asiqhekeki, asiqhekeki, noma asilahlekelwa ukunemba okulinganayo lapho sisuswa eziteshini zokubumba siye emigqeni yokuthulula, noma lapho sibekwe ngaphakathi kwamaflaski okubumba. Lawa mandla aluhlaza aqinile abalulekile kokubili kuma-foundry amancane asetshenziswa ngesandla kanye nemigqa emikhulu yokubumba ezenzakalelayo, lapho ubuqotho besikhunta obuhambisanayo bubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza kanye namazinga okwenqatshwa. Impuphu ye-Bentonite enezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvuvukala nokubopha iqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nesikhunta esiyinkimbinkimbi esinezingxenye ezincane, imigodi ejulile, kanye nemigqa ethambile ibamba isimo sazo kahle, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziswa emikhakheni yezimoto, imishini, ukwakhiwa, kanye nemishini yezimboni.
Ngaphandle kwamandla aluhlaza, i-bentonite powder inegalelo elikhulu emandleni ashisayo ezikhunta ze-foundry, isici esibalulekile esivumela izikhunta ukuthi zimelane namazinga okushisa ashisayo ensimbi encibilikisiwe ngaphandle kokuphuka noma ukuguquka. Lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe, insimbi, noma izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous ezifana ne-aluminium nethusi zithelwa ezikhunta, ukushisa okukhulu kushabalalisa ngokushesha umswakama osele esihlabathini esiluhlaza futhi kubangele izinguquko zokushisa ku-bentonite powder binder. I-bentonite powder yezinga eliphezulu igcina ukuqina kwayo kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kwalezi zimo zokushisa okukhulu, ivimbela udonga lwesikhunta ukuthi lungawi, luguge, noma luqhekeke njengoba insimbi encibilikisiwe igcwalisa umgodi wesikhunta futhi iqina. La mandla ashisayo aqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthungwa kugcina ukuma kanye nobukhulu obuqondile besikhunta, kususa amaphutha njengokungena kwensimbi, ukufakwa kwesihlabathi, kanye nokuphambuka kobukhulu okungenza ukuthungwa kungasetshenziswa. Ama-foundries athembele ku-bentonite powder ukuze alethe amandla ashisayo ahambisanayo kuzo zonke izindlela zokuthungwa, aqinisekise ukuthi yonke into ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zobukhulu kanye nekhwalithi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sempuphu ye-bentonite ekusetshenzisweni kwe-foundry ukugoqeka kwayo okuhle kakhulu, okwenza kube lula inqubo yokushukuma ngemva kokuphonsa futhi kunciphise ukuguguleka komsebenzi kanye nemishini. Ngemva kokuba insimbi encibilikisiwe iqine futhi iphole kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa elilawulekayo lilawuleka, isikhunta sesihlabathi esihlanganisiwe kumele sihlukaniswe ukuze kukhishwe ukushumeka okuqediwe, bese isihlabathi siphinde sisetshenziswe ukuze sisetshenziswe kabusha. Isakhiwo sokubopha sempuphu ye-Bentonite siba buthaka ngokubikezelayo njengoba isikhunta siphola, okuvumela isihlabathi ukuthi siqhekeke kalula ngaphansi kokudlidliza komshini noma ukushaywa ngesikhathi sokushukuma, ngaphandle kokushiya izinsalela zesihlabathi eziqinile, eziqinile zinamathele ebusweni bokushumeka. Lokhu kugoqeka okuphezulu akusheshisi nje kuphela ukugeleza kokukhiqiza ngokunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa ekushumeni kodwa futhi kunciphisa umonakalo wokushumeka ngesikhathi sokushumeka, njengokuklwebheka, ukugoba, noma imiphetho ephukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impuphu ye-bentonite yenza kube lula ukubuyiselwa kwesihlabathi okusebenzayo, njengoba isihlabathi esiphukile singahlolwa kalula, sihlanzwe, futhi sixutshwe kabusha nempuphu ye-bentonite entsha namanzi, kunciphisa imfucuza yezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza eziqhubekayo zezindawo zokushumeka zazo zonke izinhlobo.
Impuphu ye-Bentonite nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqeda ubuso bezingxenye zensimbi ezibunjiwe, okuyisilinganiso sekhwalithi esibalulekile esinquma ukufaneleka kokusetshenziswa kokugcina ngaphandle komshini omkhulu wesibili. Usayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane kanye nokuhlakazeka okufanayo kwempuphu ye-bentonite kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxube yesihlabathi esiluhlaza yakha ubuso besikhunta obubushelelezi, obukhulu obunezimbobo ezincane kanye nokungalungi. Lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe igeleza kule ndawo yesikhunta ebushelelezi, iphinda ukuthungwa kobuso besikhunta ngokunembile, okuholela ekubunjweni okunezindawo ezihlanzekile, ezilinganayo ezingenazo imigodi yesihlabathi, amabala amabi, kanye nezinye iziphambeko zobuso. Lokhu kuqeda kobuso okuthuthukisiwe kunciphisa isidingo sokusebenza ngomshini, ukugaya, kanye nokupholisha okubizayo nokuthatha isikhathi, okwenza inqubo yokukhiqiza ibe lula futhi ithuthukise umkhiqizo jikelele. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokunemba okusetshenziswa ezinjinini zezimoto, izinhlelo ze-hydraulic, kanye nemishini yokunemba, ukuqeda kobuso obubushelelezi okwenziwa yimpuphu ye-bentonite kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukulingana okufanele, ukusebenza, kanye nokusebenza kwengxenye yokugcina.
Ekukhiqizweni kwama-core e-foundry, asetshenziselwa ukudala imigodi yangaphakathi, izimbobo, kanye nama-geometri angaphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi kuma-castings, i-bentonite powder isebenza njenge-ejenti yokubopha ethembekile yezingxube zesihlabathi esiyinhloko. Ama-cores abhekene nezimo ezidinga kakhulu kunezimo zangaphandle, njengoba ezungezwe ngokuphelele yinsimbi encibilikisiwe futhi evezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokuphonswa. I-Bentonite powder inikeza amandla adingekayo kanye nokuqina kokushisa kwama-cores, okuwavimbela ekushintsheni, ekuphukeni, noma ekuqhekekeni ngesikhathi sokuthululwa kwensimbi nokuqina. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izici zangaphakathi zama-castings zakheke ngokunembile, ngobukhulu obuhambisanayo kanye nezindawo zangaphakathi ezibushelelezi. Izingxube zesihlabathi esiyinhloko ezisekelwe ku-Bentonite powder kulula ukuzilungisa, ukuzibumba, nokubhaka, zinikeza enye indlela engabizi kakhulu kune-cores eboshwe yi-resin yezinhlelo eziningi zokuphonswa ezijwayelekile, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile kokubili kuma-foundry amancane kanye nama-foundry amakhulu okukhiqiza.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwempuphu ye-bentonite kwenza ifaneleke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinqubo zokubumba insimbi embonini ye-foundry, ehlanganisa izinsimbi ze-ferrous njenge-grey iron, i-ductile iron, ne-carbon steel, kanye nezinsimbi ezingezona ezensimbi okuhlanganisa ama-aluminium alloys, ithusi, nethusi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwensimbi ludinga izakhiwo ezithile zesikhunta, futhi i-bentonite powder ingalungiswa ukuze ihlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezihlukile ngokulungisa isilinganiso sokuxuba nesihlabathi namanzi, noma ngokusebenzisa amazinga e-bentonite powder acutshungulwe ngokukhethekile. Ekubumbeni insimbi, okubandakanya amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu ensimbi encibilikisiwe, i-bentonite powder inikeza amandla ashisayo angavamile kanye nokuqina kokushisa ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwesikhunta. Ekubumbeni i-aluminium kanye nokunye okungezona ezensimbi, i-bentonite powder inikeza izindawo zesikhunta ezibushelelezi kanye nokugoqeka okuhle kakhulu, iqinisekisa ukubumba okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, okungenamaphutha ngemininingwane emihle yendawo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuqeda isidingo sama-ejenti amaningi okubopha akhethekile, kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-foundry futhi kunciphise ubunzima bokusebenza.
Amazinga ahlukene empuphu ye-bentonite ayacutshungulwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zomkhakha we-foundry womhlaba wonke, kanti ibanga ngalinye lenzelwe ukuletha izici ezithile zokusebenza kwezicelo ezahlukene zokuphonsa. Impuphu ye-sodium bentonite, ibanga elisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-foundry, inikeza amandla aphezulu okuvuvukala, amandla okubopha, kanye nokuqina kokushisa, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokuphonsa insimbi ye-ferrous enomthamo ophezulu, eshisa kakhulu. Izici zayo zokumunca amanzi kanye nokubopha kwayo okuqinile ziqinisekisa amandla okubopha nokusebenza okuhambisanayo kwesikhunta, ngisho nasezintanjeni ezinkulu ze-foundry ezenzakalelayo. Impuphu ye-calcium bentonite, yize inomthamo wokuvuvukala ophansi kancane, inikeza ukusebenza okuhle kokubopha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, okwenza ifaneleke kuma-foundry amancane, ukuphonsa insimbi okungeyona i-ferrous, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kungadingeki ukumelana okukhulu kokushisa okuphezulu. Impuphu ye-bentonite esebenzayo, ecutshungulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zayo zokubopha kanye nokuvuvukala, inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kokuphonsa ngokunemba, ukuphonsa okunezindonga ezincane, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho ikhwalithi yesikhunta kanye nokunemba kokuphonsa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukucubungula kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi yempuphu ye-bentonite yokusetshenziswa kwe-foundry kuqinile, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenza eziqinile ezidingekayo ukuze kube nemiphumela yokubumba ehambisanayo. I-ore ye-bentonite eluhlaza ikhishwa ezidiphozithini zamaminerali ezikhethwe ngokucophelela, bese ichotshozwa, igaywe ibe yimpuphu ecolekile, bese ihlanzwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola okufana namatshe ayigugu, izinto eziphilayo, kanye nezinye izimbiwa ezingalimaza ukusebenza kwayo kokubopha. Usayizi wezinhlayiya zempuphu ye-bentonite ulawulwa ngokuqinile, njengoba izinhlayiya ezincane ziqinisekisa ukuhlakazeka okungcono ezingxubeni zesihlabathi, ukumbozwa okufanayo kwezinhlayiya zesihlabathi, kanye namandla amakhulu esikhunta. Impuphu ye-bentonite ehlanziwe bese ihlolwa izakhiwo ezibalulekile kufaka phakathi inkomba yokuvuvukala, amandla okubopha, okuqukethwe komswakama, kanye nokuqina kokushisa, ngamaqoqo kuphela ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile ezivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-foundry. Lokhu kulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqwaba yempuphu ye-bentonite iletha ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, okuvumela ama-foundry ukuthi agcine izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezizinzile futhi anciphise amaphutha okubumba.
Ukuphathwa kahle nokugcinwa kwempuphu ye-bentonite kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukusebenza kwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-foundry, njengoba ukungcola komswakama kanye nokuwohloka ngokomzimba kungalimaza izakhiwo zayo zokuvuvukala nokubopha. Impuphu ye-Bentonite kufanele igcinwe ezindaweni zokugcina impahla ezomile, ezinomoya omuhle, ivalwe emaphaketheni angangeni umswakama ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchayeka emswakama, emvuleni, nasekuchithekeni kwamanzi. Ukumuncwa komswakama okweqile kubangela ukuthi impuphu ye-bentonite iqoqeke, kunciphisa ukuhlakazeka kwayo ezingxubeni zesihlabathi kanye nokwenza buthaka amandla esikhunta. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, impuphu ye-bentonite kumele ivikelwe ekulimaleni ngokomzimba ekupakishweni, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi impuphu ihlala igeleza ngokukhululeka futhi kulula ukuyixuba. Ama-Founders ngokuvamile agcina impuphu ye-bentonite ezimweni ezilawulwayo eduze kweziteshi zokubumba, ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okusheshayo nokugcina ikhwalithi yayo kuze kube yilapho isetshenziswa. Ukulandela izinqubo zokugcina ezifanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi impuphu ye-bentonite igcina izakhiwo zayo eziphelele zokusebenza, iletha ukusebenza okuthembekile kokubopha njalo lapho ixutshwa nesihlabathi sokubumba.
Inqubo yokuxuba i-bentonite powder nesihlabathi se-silica, amanzi, nezinye izithasiselo iyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-foundry, ethinta ngqo ikhwalithi yengxube yesihlabathi esiluhlaza kanye nemiphumela elandelayo yokubumba. I-Bentonite powder kumele ixutshwe ngokulinganayo nesihlabathi esomile kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo, kulandelwe ukungezwa kancane kancane kwamanzi ukuze kusebenze izakhiwo zokuvuvukala nokubopha kwe-powder. Ukuxuba ngokweqile noma ukuxuba kancane kungaholela emandleni angaguquki esikhunta, lapho i-bentonite powder engaxubile kahle ihluleka ukubopha izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ngempumelelo, kanye nokuxuba ngokweqile okubangela ukuqina ngokweqile kanye nokuncipha kokungena kwesikhunta. Izinkampani zanamuhla zokuhlanganisa izinhlayiya zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuxuba isihlabathi ezenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa ukulawula okunembile kwesikhathi sokuxuba, isivinini, kanye nezilinganiso zezithako, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-bentonite powder futhi kukhiqize amaqoqo esihlabathi esiluhlaza ahambisanayo.
Ngamafuphi, i-bentonite powder imele njengetshe elibalulekile embonini yomhlaba wonke yokwenziwa kwensimbi, isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinhloko yokubopha i-green sand molding futhi ivumela ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo nokungabizi kakhulu kwezinsimbi zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Inhlanganisela yayo eyingqayizivele yamandla okubopha aqinile, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvuvukala, ukuzinza kokushisa, ukungena okulinganiselwe, kanye nokugoqeka okuphezulu kwenza ifaneleke ngokukhethekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezinzima zokwenziwa kwensimbi yensimbi yensimbi nengeyona eyensimbi. Kusukela ezinhlotsheni ezincane zokwenziwa kwensimbi kuya ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo ezinkulu, i-bentonite powder idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni zonke izigaba zenqubo yokwenziwa kwensimbi, ithonya ngqo ikhwalithi yokwenziwa kwensimbi, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nokusimama kokusebenza.
Ubumba olusebenzayo luyi-adsorbent eyenziwe ngobumba (ikakhulukazi i-bentonite) njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, oluphathwa nge-inorganic acidification, bese luhlanzwa bese lomiswa ngamanzi. Lubonakala luyimpuphu emhlophe yobisi, alunaphunga, alunambitheki, alunabuthi, lunamandla okumunca, futhi lungamunca izinto ezinemibala nezinto eziphilayo. Kulula ukumunca umswakama emoyeni. Uma lubekwe isikhathi eside kakhulu, ukusebenza kwalo kokumunca kuzoncipha. Kodwa-ke, uma lushiswa ngaphezu kwama-300 ℃, amanzi ekristalu azolahleka, okuzoshintsha isakhiwo futhi kuthinte umphumela wokuphela. Ubumba olusebenzayo aluncibiliki emanzini, ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo kanye namafutha ahlukahlukene, cishe luncibilika ngokuphelele ku-caustic soda kanye ne-hydrochloric acid, ngobuningi obungu-2.3-2.5, kanye ne-bentonite encane emanzini nasemafutheni.
Isakhiwo sobumba esisebenzayo
1. Inezinzuzo zokumuncwa okunamandla, izinga eliphezulu lokushintsha umbala, izinga eliphansi lokuthwala uwoyela, isivinini sokuhlunga esisheshayo kanye nokufakwa okuncane;
2. Ingasusa ngempumelelo i-phospholipid iyonke, insipho kanye nama-ion ensimbi angaphansi kawoyela futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-antioxidant yemvelo;
3. Ingasusa i-aflatoxin, izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nobunye ubuthi kanye nezinto ezinephunga elingavamile emafutheni;
4. Ngemva kokushintsha umbala, inani le-asidi lamafutha alikhuphuki, alibuyeli embaleni, licacile futhi liyabonakala, futhi linekhwalithi eqinile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside.
5. Ifaneleka kakhulu ekucwengisisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwamafutha amaminerali, amafutha emifino kanye namafutha ezilwane.
Isici sobumba olusebenzayo
1. Inhlabathi yokufiphaza yenziwe ngobumba oluhlanzekile lwemvelo olungeyona insimbi olusezingeni eliphezulu njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa, olunezelwa ifomula yesayensi futhi olucwengisiswe ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokucubungula. Ibonakala njengempuphu emhlophe noma ephuzi ekhanyayo, okuyindlela engcono kakhulu esikhundleni se-activated carbon.
2. Inhlabathi yokufiphaza inobubanzi bokusebenza kokususa umbala, amandla amakhulu okususa umbala, amandla aqinile okumunca nokuhlanza, kanye namandla aqinile okumunca imibala nokungcola.
3. Inhlabathi yokufutha inokuqina okuqinile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, futhi kulula kakhulu futhi kuphephile ukuyisebenzisa, ngaphandle kokushintsha inqubo yokuqala yokukhiqiza yebhizinisi lokukhiqiza.
4. Ikhekhe lesihlungi elihlungiwe ngenhlabathi ekhipha umbala lingasetshenziswa kabusha ngaphandle kokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
5. Inhlabathi yokufiphaza inezinga eliphezulu lokushintsha umbala, izinga eliphansi lokuthwala uwoyela, isivinini sokuhlunga esisheshayo kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-asidi yamahhala.
Iphakheji
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