izindaba

Embonini yomhlaba wonke kawoyela negesi, ukuphishekela imisebenzi yokumba ephumelelayo kuwumzamo oqhubekayo, lapho uketshezi lokumba olusezingeni eliphezulu ludlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza kwe-wellbore, ukupholisa izingcezu zokumba, kanye nokuthutha izingcezu ezisikiwe ziye phezulu. Impuphu ye-Bentonite, ikakhulukazi i-bentonite esekelwe ku-sodium eningi e-montmorillonite, ivele njengesithako esibalulekile ekwakhiweni koketshezi lokumba. Amandla ayo amangalisayo okuvuvukala kwamanzi, izakhiwo ze-thixotropic, kanye nekhono lokwenza ikhekhe lokuhlunga eliminyene, elingangeni kakhulu amanzi kwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokumba yesimanje.

I-Montmorillonite, ingxenye eyinhloko esebenzayo yempuphu ye-bentonite, yakha u-70%-95% wemikhiqizo ye-bentonite yezinga eliphezulu. Lesi sakhiwo se-silicate esinezingqimba siyinika ikhono eliyingqayizivele lokumunca amanzi kuze kube yisisindo esiphindwe ka-10-30. Lesi sici sithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-viscosity kanye nokumiswa koketshezi lokubhoboza, siqinisekisa izinqubo zokubhoboza ezibushelelezi nezisebenzayo. Uma ifakwa koketshezi lokubhoboza olusekelwe emanzini ekugxilweni okungu-6%-10%, i-bentonite powder ingandisa i-viscosity yepulasitiki yoketshezi ibe ngu-25-40 mPa·s kanye nephuzu lokukhiqiza libe ngu-15-25 Pa. Lokhu kwenza ukumiswa okusebenzayo kanye nokuthuthwa kwezicucu zokubhoboza, ngisho nalezo ezinobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezifika ku-5 mm, ziye phezulu.

Ekubholeni okujulile, lapho amazinga okushisa emigodini engaphansi komhlaba angakhuphuka afike ku-150-200°C futhi ukucindezela kudlule i-30 MPa, ukuzinza koketshezi lokubhoboza kuba yinto ebalulekile. Izithasiselo zoketshezi lokubhoboza ezivamile zivame ukwehluleka ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kangaka, kodwa i-bentonite powder esekelwe ku-sodium ivelele ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu ze-rheological. Endaweni enkulu kawoyela eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ukuhlolwa okuqhathanisayo kubonise ukuphakama koketshezi lokubhoboza oluqukethe i-bentonite powder yethu esekelwe ku-sodium. Ijubane elijwayelekile lokubhoboza landa ngo-18%, kanti inani lezigameko zokuwa kwe-wellbore lehle ngo-70% uma kuqhathaniswa nezithasiselo zobumba ezivamile. Le mpumelelo ingabangelwa yi-montmorillonite ku-bentonite powder, eyakha ikhekhe lesihlungi elifanayo, ngokuvamile eliwubukhulu obungu-1-3 mm, odongeni lwe-wellbore. Leli khekhe lesihlungi linciphisa ukulahlekelwa koketshezi ekwakhekeni, ngamanani okulahlekelwa kwesihlungi ≤10 mL/30 min ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ze-API, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe umonakalo wokwakheka.

Ngaphezu kwe-bentonite esekelwe ku-sodium, uhla lwemikhiqizo yethu luhlanganisa i-bentonite powder esekelwe ku-calcium, efaneleka kahle ekubholeni imithombo engajulile kanye nezimo zokubhoboza amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngenkathi i-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium inamandla okuvuvukala aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sodium-based counterpart yayo, inikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Uma iphathwa nge-sodium carbonate, i-activator evamile, i-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium ingaguqulwa ibe yi-sodium-calcium mixed bentonite. Ukusebenza kwale bentonite exubile kufana nokwe-bentonite yemvelo esekelwe ku-sodium, okwenza ifaneleke emisebenzini yokubhoboza ejulile, ngokuvamile kusukela kumamitha ayi-1000 kuya kwangu-3000.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwethu kwempuphu ye-bentonite yoketshezi lokubhoboza. Imikhiqizo yethu ilandela amazinga aqinile, kanye nezinkomba ezibalulekile ezihlangabezana nezidingo ze-API Spec 13A. Lezi zindinganiso zichaza okuqukethwe kwe-montmorillonite okungu-≥80%, okuqukethwe komswakama okungu-≤12%, okuqukethwe kwesihlabathi okungu-≤2%, kanye nensalela yesihlungo esingu-325-mesh engu-≤0.5%. Iqoqo ngalinye lemikhiqizo lihlolwa ngokuqinile elabhorethri yethu ukuze lithole ukujiya, ukulahleka kwesihlungi, kanye nezinga lokuvuvukala, futhi amakhasimende ethu anikezwa umbiko wokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ophelele.

Ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende omhlaba wonke kawoyela negesi, sinikeza izixazululo zempuphu ye-bentonite ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Emisebenzini yokumba ogwini lolwandle esebenzisa amanzi olwandle, anosawoti omningi, sishintsha ubuso bempuphu ye-bentonite ngosawoti we-quaternary ammonium. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubekezelela usawoti wempuphu ye-bentonite, okuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi lokumba lugcina i-viscosity ezinzile kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwesihlungi, ngisho nasemanzini olwandle anosawoti ongu-35‰. Ezindaweni zokumba ezibandayo, lapho amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwemigodi angehla afike ku-≤0°C, sifaka ama-antifreeze modifiers kumpuphu ye-bentonite. Lokhu kuvimbela uketshezi lokumba ukuthi luqande futhi kuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwalo okuvamile, okuvumela imisebenzi yokumba eqhubekayo nephumelelayo.

Ngokuphathelene nokuthutha, sibeka phambili ubuqotho bemikhiqizo yethu ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Impuphu yethu ye-bentonite ipakishwe ezikhwameni ezingangeni umswakama futhi ezingangenisi umswakama, ngokuvamile ezingama-25 kg ngasinye, ngefilimu yangaphakathi ye-polyethylene kanye nesikhwama sephepha sangaphandle se-kraft esimbozwe ungqimba olungangeni manzi. Lokhu kupakisha kuvikela impuphu ye-bentonite ekumunceni umswakama ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kolwandle okude. Sesisungule ubudlelwano obuqinile nezinkampani ezihamba phambili zokuthumela njengeMaersk kanye ne-CMA CGM, siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yethu ingalethwa emachwebeni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika naseNyakatho Melika zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-20-35.

 

Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-28-2025