I-Bentonite iyiminerali engeyona eyensimbi eyakhiwe kakhulu yi-montmorillonite. Isakhiwo se-montmorillonite siyisakhiwo sekristalu sohlobo lwe-2:1 esakhiwe ngama-tetrahedra amabili e-silica tetrahedra ahlanganiswe nesendlalelo se-aluminium oxide octahedra. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esinezingqimba esakhiwe ngamaseli ekristalu e-montmorillonite, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-cation, njenge-Cu, Mg, Na, K, njll., futhi ukusebenzisana kwazo namaseli ekristalu e-montmorillonite akuzinzile kakhulu, okulula ukushintshaniswa ngamanye ama-cation, ngakho-ke anezakhiwo ezinhle zokushintshana kwama-ion. Kwamanye amazwe, isetshenziswe eminyangweni engaphezu kwe-100 emikhakheni engu-24 yokukhiqiza kwezimboni nezolimo, enemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-300, yingakho abantu beyibiza ngokuthi “inhlabathi yendawo yonke”.

I-Bentonite yaziwa nangokuthi i-bentonite, i-bentonite, noma i-bentonite. I-China inomlando omude wokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa i-bentonite, eyayisetshenziswa kuphela njengesihlanzi. Kwakukhona izimayini zemigodi evulekile endaweni yaseRenshou eSichuan emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, futhi abantu bendawo babiza i-bentonite ngokuthi i-clay powder. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ngempela kodwa inomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu kuphela. Ukutholwa kokuqala e-United States kwakusesigabeni sasendulo saseWyoming, lapho ubumba oluhlaza okotshani oluphuzi, olungakhula lube yi-paste ngemva kokufaka amanzi, lwaluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-bentonite. Eqinisweni, ingxenye eyinhloko yamaminerali ye-bentonite yi-montmorillonite, enokuqukethwe okungu-85-90%. Ezinye izakhiwo ze-bentonite nazo zinqunywa yi-montmorillonite. I-Montmorillonite ingavela ngemibala ehlukahlukene njengoluhlaza okotshani oluphuzi, olumhlophe ophuzi, ompunga, omhlophe, njalo njalo. Ingakha amabhlogo aminyene noma inhlabathi ekhululekile, ngomuzwa oshelelayo uma ihlikihlwa ngeminwe. Ngemva kokwengeza amanzi, umthamo wamabhulokhi amancane uyanda izikhathi eziningana ufike ezikhathini ezingu-20-30, uvele esimweni sokulenga emanzini, futhi uvele esimweni sokunamathela lapho amanzi engekho kahle. Izakhiwo ze-montmorillonite zihlobene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayo kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi.

Ubumba olusebenzayo

Ubumba olusebenzayo luyi-adsorbent eyenziwe ngobumba (ikakhulukazi i-bentonite) njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ephathwa nge-inorganic acidification, elandelwa ukuhlanzwa ngamanzi nokomiswa. Ukubukeka kwalo kuyimpuphu emhlophe efana nobisi, ayinaphunga, ayinambitheki, ayinabo ubuthi, futhi inokusebenza okunamandla kokumunca. Lungamunca izinto ezinombala kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Kulula ukumunca umswakama emoyeni, futhi ukulibeka isikhathi eside kakhulu kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kokumunca. Kodwa-ke, ukushisa kufikela kuma-degree Celsius angaphezu kwama-300 kuqala ukulahlekelwa amanzi acwebezelayo, okubangela izinguquko zesakhiwo futhi kuthinte umphumela wokunyamalala. Ubumba olusebenzayo aluncibiliki emanzini, ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo, nasemafutheni ahlukahlukene, cishe luncibilika ngokuphelele ku-caustic soda eshisayo kanye ne-hydrochloric acid, enobuningi obungu-2.3-2.5, kanye nokuvuvukala okuncane emanzini nasemafutheni.

Inhlabathi yemvelo ephuziwe

Ubumba olumhlophe oluvela ngokwemvelo olunezakhiwo zokumhlopheza lubumba olumhlophe, olumpunga oluhlanganiswe kakhulu yi-montmorillonite, i-albite, ne-quartz, futhi luhlobo lwe-bentonite.
Ngokuyinhloko umkhiqizo wokubola kwamadwala entaba-mlilo anjengengilazi, anganwebeki ngemva kokumunca amanzi, futhi inani le-pH lokumiswa lihlukile kwele-alkaline bentonite; Ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlopheza kubi kakhulu kunobumba olusebenzayo. Imibala ngokuvamile ifaka phakathi okuphuzi okukhanyayo, okumhlophe okuluhlaza okotshani, okumpunga, umbala womnqumo, onsundu, okumhlophe kobisi, okubomvu kwepetshisi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njll. Zimbalwa kakhulu ezimhlophe ezimsulwa. Ubuningi 2.7-2.9g/cm. Ubuningi obubonakalayo buvame ukuba buphansi ngenxa yobuningi bawo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kufana nobumba olujwayelekile, kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko zamakhemikhali okuyi-aluminium oxide, i-silicon dioxide, amanzi, kanye nenani elincane lensimbi, i-magnesium, i-calcium, njll. Akukho pulasitiki, enekhono eliphezulu lokumunca. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-hydrous silicic acid, i-acidic kuya ku-litmus. Amanzi avame ukuqhekeka futhi anokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphezulu. Ngokuvamile, uma ubuncane buncane, kulapho amandla okususa umbala ephakama khona.

Itshe le-Bentonite
I-Bentonite ore iyiminerali esetshenziswa kaningi, kanye nekhwalithi yayo.