Njengenhlanganisela yombala egxile kumaminerali emvelo noma ama-pigment angaphili okwenziwa, isihlabathi sombala siyinto ebalulekile eyisisekelo emikhakheni yokuhlobisa izakhiwo, ukwakhiwa kwendawo, kanye nokulungiselela ukugqoka. Ithembele ezinzuzweni ezingokwemvelo zezingxenye ezingaphili, ihlanganisa umbala ocebile kanye nokuqina kokusebenza, okwenza kube yindlela enhle kakhulu kunezimibala zendabuko eziphilayo. Phakathi kwazo, isihlabathi sombala esinama-pigment e-iron oxide njengombala oyinhloko sesibe yinto eyinhloko yemikhiqizo yesihlabathi sombala ngenxa yokuphepha kwayo kwemvelo, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuqina. Ifanele izidingo zesimo esigcwele kusukela ezintweni zokwakha ezivamile kuya ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso okuphezulu, idala izixazululo zombala ezinezimfanelo zobuhle nezisebenzayo zezimboni ezahlukene.

1.Ubuciko Obucophelelayo: Izindlela Zokulungiselela Ezimbili, Ukwakha Umbala Ohlanganisiwe Ngekhwalithi Elawulekayo

Ingqikithi yekhwalithi yesihlabathi sombala ilele ekunciphiseni nasekuzinzeni kombala. Ukulungiswa kwayo kuncike ezindleleni ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali ngokwemvelo kanye nombala wokwenziwa, okulinganisela izinzuzo zezindleko kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokufeza ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okugcwele kanye nokulandeleka.

(I-1965)1）Ukucutshungulwa Kwezimbiwa Zemvelo

Yenziwe ngamatshe anombala wemvelo kanye ne-ore ngokuchoboza, ukugaya, ukuhluza, ukuhlanza kanye nezinye izinqubo, igcina umbala wemvelo kanye nokuthungwa kwamaminerali, ngombala othambile nowemvelo, izindleko zokukhiqiza ezingabizi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ifanele izimo ezivamile ezinezidingo zemvelo zombala kanye nokuzwela kwezindleko, njengopende wamatshe wangempela wangaphandle kwesakhiwo esivamile, ukugandaywa kwezindawo eziyisisekelo ezingadini, njll.

(I-1965)2）Umbala Wokwenziwa Okwenziwayo

Njengoba kunezinhlanganisela zekhwalithi ephezulu njengesihlabathi se-quartz njengesisekelo, kusetshenziswa izinqubo eziqondile ezifana nokuna kwemvula, ukumboza kanye nokulungiswa kombala okushisa okuphezulu, kuhlanganiswe nemibala ye-iron oxide emsulwa kakhulu (izinhlelo zombala obomvu, ophuzi, omnyama nezinye eziyinhloko) ukuze kufakwe imibala. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zingasebenzisa imikhiqizo yezimboni ngokubambisana ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza "kokuguqula imfucuza ibe yingcebo", okuhambisana nomkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Isihlabathi esinombala wokwenziwa sinombala ofanayo, ubumsulwa bombala ophezulu (okuqukethwe kwe-iron oxide kungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-95%), ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya okuhambisanayo kanye nokuvumelana kombala okuqinile, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi eqinile zokuhlobisa izakhiwo eziphezulu, ukumboza okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, izinto zokusekela ukudla nokunye.

2.Izici Eziyinhloko: Izinzuzo Eziyisithupha Ezinkulu, Ukudala Isixazululo Sombala Esinenani Eliphezulu

Isihlabathi sombala sekhwalithi ephezulu sincike ekuqinisweni okubili kwesisekelo samaminerali angaphili kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufaka imibala obusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi sinezinzuzo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko, okwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo yokusetshenziswa kombala ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Inani layo alibonakali kuphela ekubukekeni okubonakalayo, kodwa futhi nakuwo wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo, ukwakhiwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.

(I-1965)1）Kunobungani Nemvelo Futhi Akunabo Ubuthi, Kuyahambisana Futhi Akunazinkathazo

Azikho izinsimbi ezisindayo ezingezwayo kulo lonke inqubo, futhi ihambisana ngokuqinile nezindinganiso zezwe lase-EU REACH, RoHS kanye ne-Chinese. Zombili izingxenye zombala kanye nesisekelo esihlanganisiwe kuyizinto ezingaphili ezinobungani nemvelo, ezingasetshenziswa ngokuphephile ezimweni ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokuvikela imvelo njengezindawo zokudlala zezingane, imihlobiso yasekhaya yangaphakathi, kanye nezinto zokusekela zokupakisha ukudla.

(I-1965)2）Ayimelani Nesimo Sezulu Futhi Ayisheshi, Ihlala Isikhathi Eside Futhi Izinzile

Inamandla kakhulu okumelana ne-UV, ngeke ibune noma ishoki ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusetshenziswa ngaphandle, futhi ingazivumelanisa nezimo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokuchayeka ekushiseni okuphezulu, isimo sezulu esinemvula nesinomswakama. "Ingumbala osebenza isikhathi eside" wezimo zangaphandle ezifana nezakhiwo zangaphandle, izindawo zangaphandle kanye nezakhiwo zikamasipala.

(I-1965)3）Imelana ne-Acid ne-Alkali, Ukumelana Okuqinile Nokugqwala

Inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-alkali, ihambisana kahle nezinto zokwakha ezifaka usimende njengesamente, ilayimu kanye ne-gypsum, futhi ayinayo impendulo yamakhemikhali; izinzile kahle kuma-asidi abuthakathaka futhi ingamelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni zezimboni, okwenza kube yisihlabathi sombala esithandwayo sokugqoka okulwa nokugqwala, phansi kwezimboni kanye nokusekelwa kwezikhungo emapaki amakhemikhali.

(I-1965)4）Amandla Okufiphaza Aqinile, Amandla Okucasha Ahle Kakhulu

Inombala ogcwele ukugcwala, futhi inani elincane lokwengeza lingafeza umphumela wombala ogcwele, ongamboza kahle umbala we-substrate uqobo. Inganciphisa inani lezinto zokusetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni izembozo kanye nezimbozo, yehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi ikhulise ukusebenza kwezindleko zokusebenzisa.

(I-1965)5）Ukusabalala Okuhle, Ukwakhiwa Okulula

Ngezinhlayiya ezifanayo kanye nempuphu ecolekileyo, ingasakazwa ngokushesha ezinhlelweni ezahlukene njengezinhlelo ezisekelwe emanzini kanye nezisekelwe ku-solvent, futhi ifanelekela izinqubo ezahlukene zokucubungula kanye nokwakha njengopende wamatshe wangempela, udaka lwesihlabathi sombala, phansi kwe-epoxy kanye nokugcwaliswa kwepulasitiki. Inqubo yokwakha ayinayo i-cake futhi kulula ukuyixuba, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokwakha.

(I-1965)6）Ukuzinza Kweqembu kanye Nekhwalithi Elawulekayo

Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza asemthethweni wonke amukela uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi lwe-ISO 9001, futhi alawula yonke inqubo kusukela ekuhlolweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekulethweni komkhiqizo oqediwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umbala, usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokusebenza kweqoqo ngalinye lesihlabathi sombala kuyahambisana kakhulu, okugwema ukuhlelwa kabusha kwephrojekthi kanye nokulahlekelwa komkhiqizo okubangelwa umehluko wezinto ezibonakalayo.

3.Ukunika Amandla Imboni Yonke: Ukumbozwa Okugcwele Kwezicelo Zezimo Eziningi Kusukela Kuzinto Zokwakha Eziyisisekelo Kuya Ekukhiqizeni Okusezingeni Eliphezulu

Njengoba kunezinketho eziningi zemibala kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, isihlabathi sombala sesibe yinto eyisisekelo yombala ehlanganisa izimboni eziningi, esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezinto zokwakha futhi kancane kancane yandiswa yaba irabha yepulasitiki, ukulwa nokugqwala kwezimboni, isiko lendawo kanye nezokuvakasha kanye neminye imikhakha, okwenza kube nokuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwesimo kusukela kumaphrojekthi okuziphilisa abantu abayisisekelo kuya ekusekeleni ukukhiqiza okusezingeni eliphezulu.

(1)Imboni Yezinto Zokwakha

Njengensimu enkulu kunazo zonke yokusebenzisa isihlabathi sombala, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokwakha ezifana nokhonkolo onemibala, izitini zakudala, amathayili ophahla kanye ne-terrazzo. Imibala efana nobomvu, ophuzi, omnyama nonsundu idala isitayela sokuhlobisa semvelo nesilula, esimelana nelanga nemvula futhi sigcina ukubukeka kwaso kwasekuqaleni iminyaka eminingi; upende wamatshe wangempela kanye ne-putty yesihlabathi sombala wezindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle yizimo zayo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa, ezinobungani nemvelo, ezingenabo ubuthi futhi ezicebile ngombala, ezifanele izidingo ezahlukene zokuhlobisa njengokuhlobisa ikhaya, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano kanye nezakhiwo zamahhovisi, futhi akulula ukuziqhekeza nokuwa ngemva kokwakhiwa; emigwaqweni kamasipala kanye nengqalasizinda, i-asphalt enemibala, izimpawu zethrafikhi kanye nezitini zombala wendlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo konke kufakwe umbala ngesihlabathi sombala, esimelana nokuguguleka futhi silwa nokuguga, sithuthukisa ukuqashelwa komgwaqo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuhamba.

(2)Imboni Yepulasitiki Nerabha

Isetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa nokufaka imibala kumapayipi epulasitiki, amathoyizi ezingane, izintambo nezintambo, izithende zezicathulo zerabha neminye imikhiqizo. Esinye isihlabathi esinombala ophezulu singamelana nokushisa okuphezulu okungu-300℃, futhi umbala ngeke uphele noma uthuthe ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokusetshenziswa, kuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha, futhi kufanelekile kakhulu emikhiqizweni enezidingo zekhwalithi eziqinile njengamathoyizi ezingane nezingxenye zepulasitiki ezisekela ukupakishwa kokudla.

(3)Izembozo Zezimboni kanye Nensimu Yokuvikela Ukugqwala

Kupende wezimoto kanye nezingubo zemishini yezimboni, isihlabathi sombala singasetshenziswa njengesithwali esikabili se-aggregate kanye ne-colorant, kuhlanganiswe nemibala ye-iron oxide ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuqina kombala wengubo; kumaphrojekthi okulwa nokugqwala njengokwakha imikhumbi, amabhuloho, izakhiwo zensimbi kanye namathangi okugcina amakhemikhali, isihlabathi sombala siyingxenye eyinhloko yezingubo zokulwa nokugqwala, ezingamelana ngempumelelo nokuguguleka komoya wolwandle, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nemidiya yokugqwala kwezimboni, futhi zandise impilo yenkonzo yemishini nezakhiwo.

(4)Imboni Yezindawo Nezamasiko Nezokuvakasha

Isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwendawo engadini, ukuhlobisa ipaki yetimu, ukuvuselelwa kwesakhiwo sasendulo, njll. Uhlelo lwemibala yemvelo isihlabathi sombala sibuyisela ukuthungwa kwendawo yemvelo, futhi isihlabathi sombala esenziwe ngokwezifiso sidala izigcawu zetimu ezihlukile, ezinokumelana nokuhlobisa kanye nesimo sezulu, ezingenasidingo sokulungiswa njalo, futhi ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle isikhathi eside.