Ukuze ngihlangabezane nesidingo samagama angu-3000 futhi ngicebise okuqukethwe, ngizokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwempuphu ye-kaolin emhlophe kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene zokumboza, njengezingubo zasolwandle kanye nezingubo zezimoto. Ngizophinde ngijule enkambisweni yokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngizothuthukisa incazelo yochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe ngokungeza imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nenkonzo yamakhasimende kanye nezitayela zemakethe.

Imboni yokupenda nokufaka upende ihlala ifuna ama-pigment kanye nama-filler angaphakamisa ukuhambisana kombala, andise isikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo, futhi athuthukise izindleko zokwakheka. Kulo mkhankaso, i-kaolin powder emhlophe kakhulu ivele njengesithako esibalulekile, ithola ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ekumbozweni kwezakhiwo, ekumbozweni kwezimboni, kanye nasekumbozweni kokhuni. Ngokungafani ne-titanium dioxide (TiO₂), eza nentengo ephezulu kanye nemiphumela engaba khona emvelweni, i-kaolin powder emhlophe kakhulu inikeza ukumbozwa okumangalisayo, izakhiwo zokuhlakazeka eziphakeme, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu okuthuthukisiwe. Lokhu kwenza kube yindlela ehlukile ephumelelayo kwezomnotho noma isithako esihambisana ne-TiO₂ ekumbozweni kokufaka upende.

Ukumbozwa kumi njengesibonakaliso sokusebenza esibalulekile sokumbozwa, njengoba kunquma inani lamajazi adingekayo ukuze kutholakale umbala ofanayo futhi kufihlwe ngempumelelo i-substrate. I-kaolin powder emhlophe kakhulu, ebonakala ngenani le-L* elingu-≥93%, inesakhiwo sezinhlayiya ezihlukile ezifana nepuleti. Uma zifakwa efilimini yokumbozwa, lezi zinhlayiya ziyahlangana, zakha ungqimba oluqinile oluvimba kahle ukukhanya futhi luvale ukungalingani kobuso. Uma zengezwa ekugxilweni okungu-10%-18% wesisindo sonke sejazi, kuhlanganiswe nama-resin e-acrylic noma epoxy, le kaolin powder ingakhulisa ukumbozwa ngo-25%-35%. Isibonelo sangempela esivela kumkhiqizi wejazi lokwakha waseShayina sibonisa lokhu kahle: ngokusebenzisa le mpuphu kupende we-latex wangaphandle wodonga, bakwazile ukufeza ukumbozwa okugcwele ezindongeni zekhonkrithi ngejazi elilodwa nje, ngamandla okufihla angu-≥98%. Ngokuphambene nalokho, upende ngaphandle kwe-kaolin wawudinga amajazi amabili. Lokhu akuholelanga nje ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kopende ngo-30% kodwa futhi kunciphise nezindleko zezinto zokwakha kanye nesikhathi sokwakha. Emkhakheni wezingubo zokugqoka zezimboni, njengalezo ezisetshenziselwa imishini yensimbi, ukumbozwa okuhle kakhulu kwempuphu ye-kaolin kusiza ukufihla imihuzuko ebusweni bezinsimbi zensimbi. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo semisebenzi yokusikwa ngaphambi kokusikwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Ukumelana nesimo sezulu kubaluleke kakhulu ekumbozweni kwangaphandle, okuhlala kuvezwa ezintweni zemvelo ezinzima njengemisebe ye-UV, imvula, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokungcola kwezimboni. Ukungangeni kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo esifana nepuleti sempuphu ye-kaolin emhlophe kakhulu kusebenza njengesivikelo, kuvikela ifilimu yokumbozwa ekuwohlokeni okubangelwa yi-UV. Izinhlayiya zayo zinamandla okubonisa ukukhanya kwe-UV ebangeni lama-280-400 nm, okukuvimbela ukuthi kungangeni efilimu futhi kuphule amaketanga e-polymer. Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu okusheshayo okwenziwe ngokuhambisana namazinga e-ASTM G154 kwembule ukuthi ukumbozwa kwangaphandle kwe-acrylic okuqukethe i-15% yempuphu ye-kaolin kugcine u-85% wokukhanya kwawo kokuqala nombala ngemva kwamahora angu-3000 okumbozwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukumbozwa ngaphandle kwe-kaolin kukwazile ukugcina u-60% kuphela. Kwezimbozo zokhuni, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa kuma-varnish efenisha yangaphandle, impuphu ye-kaolin ithuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana namanzi. Izembozo ezinempuphu ye-kaolin engu-12% zibonise izinga lokumunca amanzi elingu-≤5% ngemva kwamahora angu-24 okucwiliswa, ngokwezindinganiso ze-ASTM D1653, kuyilapho izembozo ezingashintshiwe zinezinga lokumunca amanzi elingu-12%. Lokhu kuvimbela ngempumelelo ukhuni ekuvuvukeni nasekugobeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impuphu ye-kaolin ithuthukisa ukumelana nokukhuhla kwezembozo zezakhiwo. Upende we-latex onempuphu ye-kaolin engu-10% ukwazile ukumelana nemijikelezo yokukhuhla engaphezu kuka-5000 ngaphandle kokufiphala noma ukuxebuka, ngokwezindinganiso ze-ASTM D2486, uma kuqhathaniswa nemijikelezo engu-2000 kuphela yopende ojwayelekile. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izindawo ezinabantu abaningi njengezikole nezibhedlela.

Ukukhiqizwa kwempuphu ye-kaolin emhlophe kakhulu embonini yokumboza kuyinqubo ecophelelayo ehilela izinyathelo eziningi zokucwenga kanye nokumhlophe ukuze kutholakale ukukhanya okukhulu kanye nobumsulwa. Uhambo luqala nge-ore ye-kaolin eluhlaza, eqale igezwe ukuze kususwe isihlabathi kanye nodaka. Ngemva kwalokho, kusetshenziswa amasu okuhlukanisa amandla kazibuthe ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwensimbi, kuhloswe izinga le-Fe₂O₃ elingu-≤0.2%. Ukumhlopheza kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, esitholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-agent okumhlopheza amakhemikhali njenge-hydrogen peroxide noma i-sodium dithionite, kanye nama-optical brighteners ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubumhlophe. Ngemva kwalokhu, ukugaya okumanzi kwenziwa ukuze kufinyelelwe usayizi wezinhlayiya ongu-D50 3-8 μm, okuhambisana nosayizi we-mesh ongu-325-1250. I-slurry ephumayo bese ihlungwa futhi yomiswe emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-150-180°C ukuze kukhiqizwe impuphu enokuqukethwe komswakama okungu-≤0.5%. Ekugcineni, impuphu iyahlungwa ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya okufanayo. Ngezimbozo ezisekelwe emanzini, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kwe-hydrophilic kungasetshenziswa ku-kaolin powder ukuthuthukisa ukusabalala kwayo ezinhlelweni zamanzi.

Esigabeni sokumboza olwandle, i-kaolin powder emhlophe kakhulu idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala kwezingubo. Isakhiwo sayo esifana nepuleti sakha indlela egobile yezinto ezigqwalisayo, yehlisa ijubane lokungena kwazo esisekelweni. Izingubo zokubopha imikhumbi eziqukethe i-kaolin powder zibonise isikhathi eside senkonzo, zinciphisa imvamisa yemisebenzi yokulungisa ebizayo kanye nokupenda kabusha. Embonini yokumboza izimoto, i-kaolin powder inegalelo ekufezeni ukuqeda okubushelelezi nokulinganayo. Iyasiza ekunciphiseni umphumela we-orange peel, iphutha elivamile kupende lwezimoto, futhi ithuthukisa ukubukeka kobuhle bemoto. Ukwengezwa kwe-kaolin powder kuthuthukisa nokuqina kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka kwezingubo zezimoto, kuvikela ingaphandle lemoto ekukhubekeni okuncane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe buyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yempuphu ye-kaolin emhlophe kakhulu. Isibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi bahlola ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya emanzi. Lobu buchwepheshe bungahlukanisa izinhlayiya ze-kaolin ngendlela efanayo, okuholela ekusabalaleni kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane. Omunye umkhuba okhulayo ukusetshenziswa kwama-bleaching agents asekelwe ku-bio, anikeza enye indlela enobungani nemvelo kunezindlela zendabuko zokumhlopheza ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwempuphu ye-kaolin kodwa futhi kuhambisana nesidingo esikhulayo semboni yemikhuba yokukhiqiza esimeme.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuyisici esibalulekile sokukhiqizwa kwempuphu ye-kaolin yokugqoka. Ngaphezu kwemingcele ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe efana nokuba mhlophe (inani le-L*) ≥93%, okuqukethwe kwensimbi (Fe₂O₃) ≤0.2%, usayizi wezinhlayiyana D50 3-8 μm, ukumuncwa kwamafutha 28-35 mL/100g, inani le-pH 6.5-7.5, kanye nokukhanya (457 nm) ≥95%, abakhiqizi baphinde baqaphe ezinye izici ezifana ne-chemistry engaphezulu kwempuphu. Ishaja engaphezulu kanye namaqembu asebenzayo ezinhlayiyana ze-kaolin kungathinta kakhulu ukuhlakazeka kwazo ezinhlelweni ezahlukene ze-resin. Amasu okuhlaziya athuthukile, njengokulinganisa amandla e-zeta kanye ne-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), asetshenziselwa ukuchaza izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kwempuphu, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugqoka.

Uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempuphu ye-kaolin emhlophe kakhulu lwenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zomkhakha wokumboza. Izinketho zokupakisha zenzelwe izidingo zamakhasimende ezahlukene. Ama-workshop amancane okumboza angakhetha izikhwama zephepha ezingama-25kg, ezilula ukuphathwa nokugcinwa. Abakhiqizi abakhulu bokumboza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangakhetha izikhwama ezinkulu ezingama-1000kg, ezihlonyiswe ngama-liners angangenisi umswakama ukuvimbela ukugoba ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokugcinwa. Ukulethwa kuyaguquguquka kakhulu, ngokuthunyelwa njalo ngenyanga ezindaweni ezinkulu zokumboza eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. Ukuze uthole ama-oda aphuthumayo, izinketho zokuthutha ngendiza ziyatholakala, ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-3-7 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza eziqinile.

Njengoba imboni yokugqoka iqhubeka nokukhula, iqhutshwa yisidingo semikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo, i-VOC ephansi, kanye nehlala isikhathi eside, i-kaolin powder emhlophe kakhulu izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Inhlanganisela yayo eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo, okuhlanganisa ukumbozwa okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nesimo sezulu okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kwenza kube yisithako esibalulekile kubakhiqizi bokugqoka abafuna ukuhlala bencintisana emakethe. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva bokukhiqiza kanye nokunikeza ukwesekwa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe, imboni ye-kaolin powder isesimweni esihle sokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezishintshayo zomkhakha wokugqoka futhi ifake isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwe-coating esebenza kahle.

Emakethe yezingubo zokugqoka zokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwempuphu ye-kaolin emhlophe kakhulu kuyanda ngale kwezakhiwo zokuhlala nezentengiselwano zendabuko. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvuseleleni nasekulondolozweni kwezakhiwo zomlando. Amandla empuphu okuhlinzeka ngesembozo esihle kakhulu nokuvikela ekulimaleni kwemvelo asiza ukugcina ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni kwalezi zakhiwo ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuqina kwazo isikhathi eside. Emakethe yezingubo zokugqoka zezimboni, ngokukhula kwemikhakha efana namandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, isidingo sezingubo zokugqoka ezisebenza kahle siyakhula. Impuphu ye-kaolin, enekhono layo lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezingubo zokugqoka, kulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukwamukelwa okwandisiwe kulezi zindawo, iqinise isikhundla sayo njengesithako esibalulekile embonini yezingubo zokugqoka.