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Imboni yokugqoka emhlabeni wonke ibona ushintsho olukhulu oluya ekwakhiweni okusekelwe emanzini, okuqhutshwa yimithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo kanye nokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo kokusimama. Enhliziyweni yalolu shintsho kukhona ukufuna imibala esezingeni eliphezulu, kanti umnyama wekhabhoni uvele njengengxenye ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza ukugqoka okusekelwe emanzini okunombala omnyama ojulile kuletha izinselele eziyingqayizivele, futhi yilapho umnyama wekhabhoni ophansi obonakala khona ungena khona njengoshintsho olukhulu.

Izembozo ezisekelwe emanzini ziya ngokuya zithandwa ngenxa yokukhishwa kwazo okuphansi kwe-VOC (Volatile Organic Compound), ubungane bemvelo, kanye nokulula kokuhlanza. Noma kunjalo, ukufaka i-carbon black ejwayelekile kulezi zinhlelo kuvame ukuholela ekukhuleni kwe-coating viscosity, okuholela ekungahambeki kahle, ukwakheka kwefilimu engalingani, kanye namamaki amabhulashi angabukeki. I-carbon black ephansi viscosity, ibanga elikhethekile elenzelwe ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga, inikeza ikhambi elihlanganisa ubumnyama obujulile nokucutshungulwa okuhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi.

Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-carbon black ethambile ekumbozweni okusekelwe emanzini yikhono layo lokugcina i-viscosity ethambile ngisho nalapho imithwalo iphezulu. I-carbon black ejwayelekile, enendawo yayo ephezulu kanye namaqembu obuso be-polar njenge-carboxyl ne-hydroxyl, isebenzisana kakhulu nama-molecule amanzi. Lokhu kusebenzisana kwakha inethiwekhi engaphinda kabili noma kathathu i-viscosity yengubo ngomthwalo ophansi ongu-2-3%. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-carbon black ethambile iguqulwa ubuso kusetshenziswa ama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic njenge-ethoxylated alcohols. Lokhu kuguqulwa kunciphisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamanzi ne-carbon black, kwehlisa ubuningi be-surface charge ye-carbon black, kanye ne-zeta potential evame ukusuka ku--20 kuya ku-30 ​​mV (kulinganiswa ngokusabalala kokukhanya kwe-electrophoretic). Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi kuyavinjelwa, kuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-coating okubushelelezi nokungaguquguquki.

Isibonelo sangempela esivela kumkhiqizi we-coating e-United States sibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-carbon black ethambile. Lapho ivivinywa e-acrylic architectural coating esekelwe emanzini ngomthwalo ongu-2.5%, i-viscosity ye-coating yahlala ku-350-400 cP (Brookfield, 60 rpm). Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-coating efanayo ne-carbon black ejwayelekile yayine-viscosity engu-800-900 cP. Lokhu kuncipha okuphawulekayo kwe-viscosity kwahunyushwa ekusetshenzisweni kwebhulashi elibushelelezi kanye ne-roller, ngefilimu eyomisiwe engabonisi zimpawu zebhulashi ezibonakalayo noma ukuthungwa kwe-orange peel.

Ukwakheka kwefilimu kungenye isici esibalulekile lapho umnyama wekhabhoni onciphile udlula khona. Ukwembozwa okusekelwe emanzini kuncike ekuhlanganiseni kwezinhlayiya ze-polymer ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa ukuze kwakheke ifilimu eqhubekayo, efanayo. Ukwembozwa okuphezulu kungaphazamisa le nqubo, okuholela ezifweni ezifana nemigodi, ukugoba, noma ukunamathela okubi. Ukusabalala okufanayo komnyama wekhabhoni onciphile, okuqinisekiswa nge-centrifugal sedimentation, kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlayiya zekhabhoni ezimnyama azivimbeli ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya ze-polymer. Amafilimu omisiwe aqukethe lo mnyama wekhabhoni okhethekile abonisa ubuso obubushelelezi, obunenani elibukhali (Ra) elingu-≤0.5 μm (elilinganiswa nge-profilometry), kanye nokunamathela okuqinile kuma-substrate. Isibonelo, kukhonkrithi, amandla okunamathela angafinyelela ku-6-8 MPa (ASTM D4541), uma kuqhathaniswa no-4-5 MPa wamafilimu anomnyama wekhabhoni ojwayelekile. Ekwembozweni kokhuni okusekelwe emanzini, ukwakheka kwefilimu ebushelelezi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa okusanhlamvu kwemvelo kokhuni kodwa futhi kunikeza ukuphela okuqinile, okumelana nokuklwebheka. Umkhiqizi wefenisha ubike imiphumela emihle kakhulu esebenzisa i-carbon black ethambile emanzini, ifenisha eqediwe ikhombisa ukuqeda okukhazimulayo, okumnyama okulinganayo okugqamisa uhlamvu lwezinkuni futhi kwamelana nemijikelezo yokuhlanza engaphezu kuka-500 (ASTM D2486) ngaphandle kokuphela noma ukuxebuka.

Izakhiwo zombala zibaluleke ngokulinganayo ekumbozweni, kanti umnyama wekhabhoni obonakalayo ophansi uletha ukusebenza okuvelele kule ndawo. Njengoba inamandla aphezulu okufaka umbala, ngokuvamile angu-100-110% uma kuqhathaniswa nomnyama wekhabhoni ojwayelekile (olinganiswa nge-ASTM D2805), ingafinyelela ubumnyama obujulile ekumbozweni okuphansi. Umthwalo ongu-2-2.5% wanele ukufinyelela inani le-L* elingu-≤12 (i-CIE Lab), uhlangabezana nezidingo zobuhle bezingubo zokwakha nezezimboni. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane zomnyama wekhabhoni obonakalayo ophansi, ngokuvamile okuphakathi kuka-20-30 nm, kuqinisekisa umbala ofanayo ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezingafuneki, kugwema imibala ensundu noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engenzeka ngamamaki amnyama wekhabhoni angaguquki. Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu okusheshisiwe (i-ASTM G154) kubonise ukuthi izembozo ze-acrylic ezisekelwe emanzini eziqukethe umnyama wekhabhoni obonakalayo ophansi zigcina u-80% wombala wazo wokuqala (ΔE ≤2) ngemva kwamahora angu-2000 okuvezwa, zidlula kakhulu izembozo ezinemibala emnyama ephilayo, ezigcina u-60% kuphela wombala wazo. Lokhu kumelana nesimo sezulu okumangalisayo kwenza i-carbon black engabonakali kahle ibe yisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezingubo zangaphandle ezisekelwe emanzini, njengopende lwangaphandle lwezindonga kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi.

Ekukhiqizweni nasekuhlinzekweni kwe-carbon black encibilikayo ephansi, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe kubalulekile. Amabanga akhethekile alungiselelwe amakhemikhali ahlukene okumboza ayatholakala. Lawa mabanga agcina izakhiwo zomzimba ezihambisanayo, kufaka phakathi indawo engaphezulu ye-BET engu-200-240 m²/g, inani lokumuncwa kwe-DBP elingu-90-100 cm³/100g, kanye ne-pH engathathi hlangothi engu-6.5-7.5 ukugwema ukuthinta ukugqwala. Ukulawulwa okuqinile kokuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo, okune-lead ≤0.0005% kanye ne-arsenic ≤0.0003%, kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo zomhlaba wonke njenge-LEED kanye ne-Eurofins.

Izimpahla zidlala indima ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwekhabhoni emnyama ene-viscosity ephansi. Izikhwama ezincibilika emanzini (25 kg/isikhwama) zisetshenziselwa ukwenza kube lula ukusabalala ezinhlelweni zamanzi, kuqedwe isidingo sokuvula izikhwama futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yothuli nokungcola. Ekukhiqizweni okukhulu, izitsha ezinkulu ezingama-500 kg ezifakwe ama-valve okukhipha phansi ziyatholakala ukuze zondliwe ngokuzenzakalela. Njengoba inenethiwekhi yokuthumela yomhlaba wonke ehlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezimboza ungqimba eYurophu, e-Asia naseNingizimu Melika, izikhathi zokulethwa ziqala ezinsukwini eziyi-12-25. Ithimba langemuva kokuthengisa linikeza ukwesekwa endaweni.

Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-04-2025