Isigameko sangoSepthemba 18 sango-1931 asizange nje silethe ukubuthwa kwezempi eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina—saphinde sabangela igagasi lokumelana kwabantu abavamile okwakuholwa abantu abavamile. Kusukela kubalimi nabasebenzi kuya kubafundi nothisha, amadoda nabesifazane babo bonke ubudala nezizinda bahlangana ukuze bavikele amakhaya abo, imiphakathi yabo, kanye nendlela yabo yokuphila ngokumelene nolaka lwaseJapan. Lokhu kumelana, nakuba kuvame ukunganakwa ezindabeni zomlando ezibanzi, kwakuwubufakazi bokuqina nesibindi sabantu baseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina.

Ezinyangeni ezalandela, kwavela amaqembu afanayo kulo lonke elaseNyakatho-mpumalanga, enamagama anjenge-“Northeast Volunteer Army,” i-“Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army,” kanye ne-“People's Liberation Army of Northeast China.” La mabutho ayehlukahluka ngobukhulu—amanye ayenamalungu ambalwa nje, kanti amanye akhula aba yizinkulungwane—kodwa wonke ayenomgomo ofanayo: ukuxosha amabutho aseJapan ezweni lawo. I-Jilin People's Self-Defense Force, isibonelo, yahlela inethiwekhi “yamayunithi omndeni” lapho yonke imindeni yajoyina khona lo mkhankaso. Kwelinye idolobhana, umndeni wakwaZhang—ubaba, amadodana amabili, ngisho nendodakazi eneminyaka engu-16—bonke balwa ndawonye, ​​indodakazi isebenzisa ulwazi lwayo lwemithi yamakhambi ukwelapha abalimele.

Amaqhinga asetshenziswa yila mabutho okuzithandela ayeklanyelwe indawo yesifunda, eyayihlanganisa amahlathi aminyene, amathafa amakhulu, nezindawo ezinezintaba. Babethembele empini yamavukela-mbuso, behlasela ngokuzumayo ezindaweni zangaphandle zaseJapan, beqamekela imikhumbi yokuthutha impahla, futhi bebhubhisa imigqa yesitimela ukuze baphazamise imisebenzi yezempi yaseJapan. Isibonelo, ngo-Okthoba 1931, iqembu elincane lamavolontiya eningizimu yeLiaoning lahlasela isitimela sezempi saseJapan, labhubhisa izikhali nempahla futhi lakhulula iziboshwa zaseShayina ezazithuthwa ziya eJapane. Lokhu kuhlasela okunesibindi, okuholwa yilowo owayesebenza esitimeleni ogama lakhe linguLi Dawei, kwasebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe olujulile ngomzila ukuze kuphambukiswe isitimela endaweni ekude. NgoDisemba walowo nyaka, amavolontiya eSifundazweni saseJilin aqala ukuhlasela okuhleliwe ekamu lamasosha aseJapan eChangchun, aphinde athatha izingxenye zedolobha okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuba aphoqeleke ukuba ahoxe ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okudubula aseJapan. Amabutho okumelana ahlasela ngokuhlelekile isikhungo sezikhali sebharaki, asishisa ngezinto zokushisa ezenziwe ngophethiloli namabhodlela engilazi.

Okwenza la mabutho okuzithandela aphawuleke kakhulu kwakuyikhono lawo lokusinda nokusebenza naphezu kokuntuleka okukhulu kwezikhali, ukudla, kanye nezinsiza zezokwelapha. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela eziningi zalwa ngezibhamu ezindala, izinkemba, noma ngisho namathuluzi okulima, kanti ezinye zazithembele eminikelweni evela emiphakathini yendawo yokudla nezingubo. Abalimi bendawo babevame ukunikeza izisebenzi zokuzithandela indawo yokukhosela, bezifihla emasosheni aseJapane futhi babelane ngesivuno sabo esincane. Esifundeni saseYanji, izakhamuzi zasemakhaya zamba inethiwekhi yemihubhe engaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwemizi yazo, zakha ama-bunker afihliwe lapho abalwi babengaphumula khona futhi balulame. Odokotela nabahlengikazi, abaqeqeshwe futhi abazifundisayo, bamisa izibhedlela zesikhashana emihumeni noma ezakhiweni ezilahliwe, belapha amasosha alimele ngemishini yezokwelapha elinganiselwe. UDkt. Wang Meiling, owaphothula ePeking Union Medical College, wasebenzisa amakhambi endabuko aseShayina futhi wenza ukuhlinzwa okusindisa impilo ngezitsha zasekhishini ezihlanziwe.

Abafundi kanye nezifundiswa nabo badlale indima ebalulekile ekulweni. Emadolobheni afana neShenyang neHarbin, abafundi baseyunivesithi bahlela amaqembu ayimfihlo ukuze basakaze inkulumo-ze yokulwa nobugebengu. Basakaza amapheshana achaza ngobudlova baseJapan, babhala izihloko emaphephandabeni ayimfihlo, futhi babamba imihlangano eyimfihlo ukuze bahlele imibhikisho kanye nokungavunyelwa kwezimpahla zaseJapan. I-“Snowflake Society” eHarbin Institute of Technology, isibonelo, yathuthukisa uhlelo lwekhodi oluyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kushushumbiswe izincwadi ezivinjelwe. Banyathelisa izinkondlo zoguquko ephepheni lelayisi, ezazingancibilikiswa emanzini bese ziphinde zakhiwe ngabashicileli abanozwela. Abafundi abaningi bashiya nezikole zabo ukuze bajoyine amabutho okuzithandela, besebenzisa imfundo yabo ukusiza ngamasu, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuthutha. Iqembu labafundi bobunjiniyela abavela eShenyang Institute of Technology laklama uchungechunge lwezimayini zomhlaba ezenziwe ngendlela ezenzakalelayo besebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi alahliwe kanye nempuphu emnyama, okwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlaselwa kwabashokobezi.

Abesifazane babeyingxenye ebalulekile yenhlangano yokumelana. Nakuba abesifazane abaningi bajoyina amabutho okuzithandela njengabahlengikazi noma izithunywa, abanye basungula izinhlangano zabo ukuze basekele lo mkhankaso. ESifundazweni saseLiaoning, iqembu labesifazane lasungula i-“Northeast Women's Anti-Japanese Salvation Association,” eyayiqoqa imali yamabutho okuzithandela, ithunga izingubo zamasosha, futhi inakekela imindeni yalabo abalwayo. Umholi wenhlangano, uNkk Zhao, wasungula indlela eyingqayizivele yokuqoqa imali: wahlela “imibhikisho ethule” lapho abesifazane babehlangana khona ezigcawini zomphakathi bethunga amajezi amabutho, kanti ukuthunga ngakunye kumelela umnikelo. Abesifazane nabo badlale indima ebalulekile ekuqoqeni ubuhlakani, besebenzisa izindima zabo njengabanakekeli bezindlu nabathengisi bemakethe ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nokuhamba kwamasosha aseJapan bese beludlulisela kubaholi bokumelana. EMukden (manje eyiShenyang), inethiwekhi yabathengisi besifazane eNanmen Market yakha uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezimpawu zezandla kanye nezingxoxo ezibhalwe ngekhodi ukuze kudluliselwe ulwazi mayelana nezinhlelo zokuqapha zaseJapan.

Imizamo yokumelana yabantu baseShayina baseNyakatho-mpumalanga yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekubusweni kwamaJapane. Nakuba bengakwazi ukuxosha amabutho aseJapan kulesi sifunda ngokushesha, baphoqa iButho lakwaKwantung ukuthi lisebenzise izinsiza ezibalulekile ukuze licindezele ukumelana, okwehlisa ijubane lezinhlelo zokwandisa iJapane. Amarekhodi avela ezingobo zomlando zempi zaseJapan aveza ukuthi ngo-1933, amabutho angaphezu kuka-30,000 ayeboshiwe emisebenzini yokulwa nabashokobezi eManchuria. Baphinde baphefumulela abantu kulo lonke elaseShayina ukuba bajoyine inhlangano yokumelana kazwelonke, babeka isisekelo seMpi Ebanzi Yokumelana NaseJapane eyayizoqala ngo-1937. Izenzo zobuqhawe zamavolontiya aseNyakatho-mpumalanga zalotshwa ochungechungeni lwamapheshana asakazwa ngasese anesihloko esithi “Izindaba Zokumelana,” okwadingeka afundwe ngabantu abasha abasanda kuqashwa eButhweni Lempi LaseShayina Lesizwe.

Namuhla, izindaba zalaba balwi bokulwa kwezakhamuzi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yefa leSigameko sangoSepthemba 18. Zisikhumbuza ukuthi ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu, abantu abavamile banamandla okumela okulungile. Ziphinde zigqamise ukubaluleka komphakathi, ubumbano, nesibindi lapho ubhekene nokucindezelwa—umyalezo osabalulekile kubantu emhlabeni wonke namuhla. Isikhumbuzo Sokulwa Nokulwa KwaseManchurian esivulwe muva nje eChangchun sinemibukiso exhumanayo, kufaka phakathi amakhophi emigudu yama-guerrilla kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-holographic yezimpi ezibalulekile, okuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zindaba zobuqhawe ziyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwane ezizayo.