I-China i-iron oxide pigments yokuphila okusimeme umnotho ojikelezayo ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza okotshani ukugqoka kombala wezimboni ukuqina kombala ukumelana nesimo sezulu ukhonkolo ukudaya ingaphakathi lokuhlobisa ifektri nabaphakeli

Ama-pigment e-iron oxide okuphila okusimeme umnotho ojikelezayo ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza okotshani ukugqoka kwezakhiwo umbala wezimboni ukuzinza kombala ukumelana nesimo sezulu ukudaya ukhonkolo ngaphakathi umhlobiso

Incazelo emfushane:

Ama-iron oxide pigments ami njengezinto ezisebenziseka kalula emvelweni ezixhumanisa impilo eqhubekayo kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo, ezivumelanisa ngobuhlakani nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zokwakha okuluhlaza, izembozo zezakhiwo, kanye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi. Ngokungafani nama-synthetic pigments athembele ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhemikhali anobuthi noma ekukhipheni imikhiqizo eyingozi, ama-iron oxide pigments avela emigodini yensimbi yemvelo noma ezinqubweni zokwenziwa ezinobungane emvelweni. Lo msuka oyingqayizivele uwanika ukuqina kombala okungokwemvelo kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu okungavamile, izici eziwahlukanisa nezinto zokufaka imibala ezivamile. Esebenza njengengxenye eyinhloko ekufakweni kombala kwezimboni, ukudaya ukhonkolo, kanye nokuqedwa kwezakhiwo, ama-iron oxide pigments adlula izindima zomsebenzi owodwa ukuze abe izixazululo zezinhloso eziningi ezihlanganisa izakhiwo zemvelo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wemvelo.

Isisekelo semithombo yemibala ye-iron oxide sihlanganisa ubuningi bemvelo kanye nokuvumelana kwemvelo. Imibala ye-iron oxide yemvelo ikhishwa emigodini ye-iron ore ecebile nge-hematite ne-goethite, isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ze-geological. Imibala ye-iron oxide yokwenziwa ikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okulawulwayo kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo ecebile nge-iron evela ekukhiqizeni insimbi, okwenza kutholakale ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwemfucuza. Ukukhipha nokukhiqiza kunamathela ezindinganisweni eziqinile ezinobungani nemvelo: ukumbiwa kwemvelo kwamukela ukukhishwa komhlaba ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka okujulile kwe-geological, kanti izindawo ezimbiwe ziyabuyiselwa ezitshalweni; izinqubo zokwenziwa zisebenzisa izinhlelo ezivaliwe ukuze zibambe ukukhishwa kwamanzi nokuvuselela amanzi amdaka. Umnotho ojikelezayo uyenziwa ekuphathweni kwemfucuza: izinsalela zemibala ezivela ekukhiqizweni zisetshenziswa kabusha njengezithasiselo zensimbi ezintweni zokwakha, kunciphisa imfucuza yemithombo.

Izinqubo zokukhiqiza izinhlayiya ze-iron oxide zigxila ekulondolozeni izakhiwo eziyinhloko kanye nokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni. Izinhlayiya zemvelo zicutshungulwa ngokomzimba: ukuchotshozwa kwe-ore, ukugaya, kanye nokuhlungwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinhlayiya ze-pigment nokungcola, ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali anobuthi asetshenziswayo. Izinhlayiya zokwenziwa zisebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okushisa okuphansi ukulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nombala wombala, zigwema ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Ukwelashwa ngemuva kokukhiqiza kufaka phakathi ukuwasha nokomisa ngezinhlelo ezisebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze kuncishiswe ukunyatheliswa kwekhabhoni. Ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile ezifana nokugqoka kwezakhiwo, izinhlayiya ziguqulwa ubuso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlakazeka kwezihlanganisi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umbala uyafana ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kwemvelo. Lezi zinqubo zigcina ukuzinza kombala wezinhlayiya ze-iron oxide ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukuhambisana nezinhlayiya ezahlukahlukene.

Izakhiwo eziyinhloko zama-pigment e-iron oxide ziwenza angathathelwa indawo yizimboni. Ukuqina kombala kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kombala okuhlala isikhathi eside: amelana nokufiphala okubangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga, imvula, kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, agcina ukubukeka okufanayo ezindaweni zangaphandle nezangaphakathi. Ukumelana nesimo sezulu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima: zisetshenziswa ezindaweni zangaphandle zesakhiwo, zimelana nokushisa okukhulu, ukubanda, kanye nomswakama ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Ukungangeni kwamakhemikhali kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokhonkolo, izembozo, kanye nepulasitiki, kugwema ukusabela okushintsha umbala noma ukusebenza kwezinto. Imvelo engeyona enobuthi iwenza afaneleke ezindaweni zangaphakathi, njengoba engakhiphi amakhemikhali e-organic aguquguqukayo. Ububanzi bemibala—kusukela kobomvu nokuphuzi kuya komnyama nokunsundu—buhlangabezana nezidingo zombala ezahlukahlukene emikhakheni yokwakha kanye neyezimboni.

Ama-iron oxide pigments asebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa. Ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza kusebenzisa ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuqina kombala: uma engezwa kukhonkolo, afaka amabala ezindleleni, amaphaneli odonga, kanye nezinto zezwe, aqede isidingo samathayela okuhlobisa futhi anciphise imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo. Izembozo zokwakha ziwasebenzisa ukufaka umbala opendeni wangaphandle nowangaphakathi: ama-iron oxide pigments angaphandle agcina umbala iminyaka eminingi, anciphisa ukupendwa kabusha; ama-interior penties anikeza imibala efudumele, yemvelo ehambisana nezitayela zokuklama zesimanje nezendabuko. Ukufaka umbala kwezimboni kuwenza abe amapulasitiki kanye ne-ceramics: ahlanganiswe namapayipi epulasitiki kanye nezitsha, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwe-UV kanye nokubhala imibala; uma engezwa kumathayela e-ceramic, adala imibala yomhlabathi phansi nasezindongeni. Ukufaka umbala kukhonkolo kuyisicelo esibalulekile: ama-iron oxide pigments angena ezindaweni zekhonkolo, adale umbala ohlala njalo omelana nokuxebuka nokuguguleka, afanelekela izindawo zezentengiselwano kanye nezindlela zokungena zokuhlala.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yama-pigment e-iron oxide kuklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile. Ngezimbozo zokwakha, ukuhlolwa kokushesha kombala kuveza ama-pigment ekukhanyeni kwelanga kanye nemvula isikhathi eside ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokunyamalala. Ukuze kufakwe i-concrete, ukuhlolwa kokujula kokungena kuqinisekisa ukuhlala kombala, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhambisana kuhlola ukunamathela kuma-substrate e-concrete. Kumapulasitiki ezimboni, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokushisa kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kombala emazingeni okushisa okucubungula. Ukuze kuhlotshiswe ngaphakathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-volatible organic compound kuqinisekisa ukungabi nobuthi. Kokubili ama-pigment emvelo kanye nawokwenziwa ahlolwa ngobukhulu bezinhlayiya ukuqinisekisa ukuhlakazeka okufanayo, kuvimbele imigqa yombala. Izinsalela ze-pigment eziphinde zasetshenziswa zihlolwa ukuhlanzwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola, kulandelwe ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ukuze kufane namazinga e-pigment angabonakali.

Ekuphetheni, imibala ye-iron oxide imi njengezinto zokufaka imibala ezinobungani nemvelo ezihambisana nokuphila okusimeme kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo. Imvelaphi yazo yemvelo noma etholakala emfucumfucwini kanye nokukhiqizwa kwayo okunobungani nemvelo kugcina izici eziyinhloko zokuqina kombala kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu—izici eziqhuba inani ekwakhiweni okuluhlaza, ukugqoka kwezakhiwo, ukufaka imibala kwezimboni, kanye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi. Ngokungafani nemibala enobuthi yokwenziwa elimaza imvelo, umjikelezo wokuphila wemibala ye-iron oxide unciphisa umthelela wemvelo kusukela ekukhishweni/ekukhiqizweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwemfucuza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zibonisa ukuguquguquka: ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo ngokuqeda okumelana nesimo sezulu, ukudala izindawo ezinempilo zangaphakathi ezinemibala engenabo ubuthi, kanye nokuvumela ukufaka imibala kwezimboni okusimeme. Njengoba isidingo semibala enobungani nemvelo, ehlala isikhathi eside sikhula, imibala ye-iron oxide izohlala iyisinqumo esibalulekile, ixhumanisa izinsiza zemvelo nezidingo zezimboni ngezindlela ezisimeme.

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Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Amathegi Omkhiqizo

I-Zeolite yigama elijwayelekile lamaminerali e-zeolite, okuwuhlobo lwamaminerali e-alkali noma e-alkaline earth metal aluminosilicate anamanzi. Kutholakale izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 ze-zeolite yemvelo emhlabeni wonke, phakathi kwazo i-clinoptilolite, i-mordenite, i-rhombic zeolite, i-maozeolite, i-calcium cross zeolite, i-schistose, i-turbidite, i-pyroxene kanye ne-analcite ezivame kakhulu. I-Clinoptilolite kanye ne-mordenite ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi. Amaminerali e-Zeolite ayingxenye yezinhlelo ezahlukene zekristalu, eziningi zazo ziyi-fibrous, hairy kanye ne-columnar, kanti ezimbalwa ziyi-plate noma i-columnar emfushane.

I-Zeolite inezimpawu zokushintshana kwama-ion, ukumuncwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa, i-catalysis, ukuzinza, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuguqukayo, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, njll. Ama-Zeolite akhiqizwa kakhulu emifantwini noma kuma-amygdaloid amadwala entaba-mlilo, ahambisana ne-calcite, i-pith kanye ne-quartz, kanye nasemadwaleni e-pyroclastic sedimentary kanye nama-hot spring deposits.

Impuphu ye-Zeolite uhlobo lwe-zeolite yemvelo, eluhlaza okotshani nokumhlophe okukhanyayo. Ingasusa u-95% we-ammonia nitrogen emanzini, ihlanze ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi inciphise ukudluliswa kwamanzi.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (%)

I-SiO2	AL2O3	I-Fe2O3	I-TiO 2	I-CaO	I-MgO	K 2 O	I-LOI
62.87	13.46	1.35	0.11	2.71	2.38	2.78	12.80

I-Microelement (PPm)

Ca	P	Fe	Cu	Mn	Zn	F	Pb
2.4	0.06	165.8	2.0	10.2	2.1	<5	<0.001

Isicelo
Okungeziwe:Ngokufaka u-5.0% (150 mesh) we-clinoptilolite powder ekudleni kwezinhlanzi, izinga lokusinda kanye nezinga lokukhula elihlobene le-grass carp lingakhushulwa ngo-14.0% kanye no-10.8%.
Umthuthukisi:Ingasusa u-95% we-ammonia nitrogen futhi ihlanze ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Umthwali:I-Zeolite inezinhlobo eziningi zezimo eziyisisekelo zomthwali kanye nomxube we-premixes ezengeziwe. I-pH engathathi hlangothi ye-zeolite iphakathi kuka-7-7.5, kanti okuqukethwe kwayo kwamanzi kungu-3.4-3.9% kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulula ukuthintwa umswakama futhi ingamunca amanzi engxubeni kasawoti ongaphili kanye nezingxenye ezincane eziqukethe amanzi ekristalu, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kokudla.
Ingxube yekhonkrithi:Impuphu ye-zeolite iqukethe inani elithile le-silica esebenzayo kanye ne-silica trioxide, engasabela nomkhiqizo omanzi we-calcium hydroxide yesimende ukuze yakhe into eqinisayo.