Izinto eziyinhloko zerabha ezimnyama zerabha zemvelo nezokwenziwa zaseChina zokwakha imigwaqo kanye nezicelo zotshani bokwenziwa efektri kanye nabaphakeli

Izinto eziyinhloko zerabha ezimnyama zerabha zemvelo nezokwenziwa zokwakha imigwaqo kanye nokusetshenziswa kotshani bokwenziwa

Incazelo emfushane:

Ama-granule enjoloba atholakala kakhulu kumathayi kadoti asetshenziswe kabusha kanye neminye imikhiqizo yenjoloba, edlula ezinqubweni ezifana nokuchotshozwa ngomshini kanye nokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali ukuze kwakheke izinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Lezi zinto eziguquguqukayo ziye zathola ukunakwa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile zomzimba kanye nezinzuzo ezingabizi kakhulu.

Emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, ama-granule enjoloba adlala indima ebalulekile futhi engenakuguqulwa ekushintsheni i-asphalt nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza okubanzi kwemigwaqo. Uma ixutshwe ngokulinganayo ne-bitumen, ama-granule enjoloba awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuqina nokumelana nokuguquguquka kwengxube ye-asphalt kakhulu kodwa futhi athuthukisa ikhono lenhlanganisela lokumelana nemithwalo yezimoto ephindaphindwayo, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukuvela kwemigqa, ukuqhekeka, kanye nemigodi ngaphansi kokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubhaka okushisa okuphezulu ehlobo noma ukubanda okuphansi ebusika. I-asphalt enjalo eguquliwe ikhombisa ukumelana nokukhathala okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nomonakalo wamanzi, okungandisa ngempumelelo impilo yesevisi yendawo yonke yemigwaqo ngo-30% kuya ku-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nemigwaqo yendabuko ye-asphalt. Izivivinyo ezinkulu zakamuva kumaphrojekthi okuvala imigwaqo yasemakhaya ezindaweni eziningi zibonise ukuthi ukufaka ama-granule enjoloba njengezinto ezithatha indawo akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-aggregate emvelo kodwa futhi kunciphisa ngempumelelo izidingo zokulungisa futhi kuqede ukukhishwa kothuli, okuletha izinzuzo ezisebenzayo nezibonakalayo ekuhambeni kwezakhamuzi zendawo kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukulungiswa kwe-asphalt yerabha kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa lokuxuba, isikhathi sokuxuba, kanye nezinye izimo ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusabalala okufanayo kwama-granule erabha ku-bitumen matrix, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa imiphumela yawo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza futhi kugwenywe ukuhlangana kwendawo okungase kuthinte ikhwalithi yendlela.

Izikhungo zemidlalo nezokuzilibazisa zimelela enye indawo enkulu futhi ekhula ngokushesha yokufaka isicelo sama-granule enjoloba. Njengezinto eziyinhloko zokugcwalisa utshani bokwenziwa, ama-granule enjoloba agcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwemicu yotshani bokwenziwa, ahlinzeka ngezindawo zokudlala ezithambile, ezimunca ukushaqeka, nezivimbela ukushelela. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabadlali ngesikhathi semidlalo—okunciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yokuwa nokulimala—kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ulwazi lokudlala ngokulingisa umuzwa wotshani bemvelo. Ama-granule enjoloba anombala, acutshungulwa ngokungeza imibala enobungani nemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza futhi atholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene ecacile njengoluhlaza okotshani, obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nophuzi, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokugijima, izinkundla zebhola, izinkundla zethenisi, kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo zezingane. La ma-granule enjoloba anombala awahlangabezani nje kuphela nezidingo zobuhle nokusebenza kwezindawo zemidlalo kodwa futhi anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengokumelana nokuguguleka, ukuvikelwa kwe-UV, ukubambezeleka komlilo, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, okuqinisekisa ukuthi umbala kanye nokusebenza kwendawo kuhlale kuzinzile isikhathi eside. Ama-granule enjoloba e-EPDM, uhlobo oluthile lwama-granule enjoloba okwenziwa asebenza kahle kakhulu, athandwa kakhulu ezindaweni zemidlalo zobungcweti ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuvelele kokushiswa kwe-oxidation, ukumelana ne-ozone, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zemvelo ezifana nemisebe enamandla ye-ultraviolet, imvula enkulu, kanye nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa, ama-granule enjoloba e-EPDM angagcina ubuqotho besakhiwo sawo kanye nokuqina kokusebenza, okuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kwezindawo zemidlalo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ama-granule enjoloba buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kanti ukuchoboza ngokomzimba kanye nokuchoboza okubandayo okuphansi kuyizindlela ezivamile embonini. Ubuchwepheshe bokuchoboza ngokomzimba, obuvame ukufaka izinqubo ezifana nokusika amathayi, ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi, kanye nokuqhekeka, busetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yenqubo yalo yokuvuthwa kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, bungabangela ukuguga okuyingxenye kwenjoloba ngenxa yokushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuchoboza. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokuchoboza okubandayo okuphansi busebenzisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ukupholisa ngokushesha injoloba elahliwe ibe sesimweni sokuqhekeka, bese buyichoboza ibe ama-granule. Le ndlela inciphisa ukuguga kwenjoloba ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ikhiqize ama-granule anezimo ezijwayelekile, osayizi bezinhlayiya ezifanayo, kanye nezindawo eziqinile ezingabambisana kakhulu nezinye izinto. Ngemva kokuchoboza kokuqala, izinqubo ezilandelayo zokulinganisa kanye nokuhlola, ezisebenzisa izisefo eziningi ze-meshes ezahlukene, zihlukanisa ama-granule enjoloba abe amabanga ahlukahlukene osayizi ukuze zivumelane kahle nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ezahlukahlukene—isibonelo, ama-granule enjoloba amancane anosayizi wezinhlayiya ngaphansi kwe-1mm afanele ukuguqulwa kwe-asphalt, ama-granule aphakathi nendawo angu-1-3mm asetshenziselwa ukugcwaliswa kotshani bokwenziwa, kanye nama-granule amakhulu angaphezu kwe-3mm asetshenziswa ekugcwaliseni izisekelo zomgwaqo kanye nezendlalelo zokumunca ukushaqeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali njengokusebenza kwendawo kanye nokuguqulwa kokuxhunyelelwa buthuthukisa ukuhambisana kanye namandla okubopha phakathi kwama-granule enjoloba ne-bitumen, izinto ze-polymer, nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokwandisa imingcele yokusetshenziswa kwama-granule enjoloba.

Imakethe yama-granule enjoloba emhlabeni wonke ibhekene nokukhula okuqhubekayo nokuqhubekayo, okuqhutshwa ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali zokwakha ingqalasizinda yomhlaba wonke, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zezemidlalo nezokuzilibazisa, kanye nokugcizelela okukhulayo ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamathayi emfucuza. INyakatho Melika neYurophu zihlala ziyizimakethe ezivelele zama-granule enjoloba, ngenxa yezinhlelo zazo zokusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza ezivuthiwe, imithetho eqinile yezemvelo, kanye nesidingo esikhulu sezindawo zezemidlalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Kulezi zifunda, ukusetshenziswa kwama-granule enjoloba ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo nasezindaweni zemidlalo zobungcweti kusezingeni eliphezulu. Okwamanje, isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sibonisa ukukhula okuqinile nokusheshayo, okukhuthazwa yinqubo esheshisayo yokuthuthuka kwamadolobha, ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yemigwaqo emikhulu, kanye nokuthandwa okwandayo kwemisebenzi yezemidlalo emazweni asafufusa njengeShayina, iNdiya, kanye namazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Abadlali abakhulu emakethe embonini yama-granule enjoloba emhlabeni wonke bagxile ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nokwandiswa kwamandla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semakethe esikhulayo. Ukubambisana kwezimboni nakho kube yindlela ebalulekile—abahlinzeki bezinto zokusetshenziswa, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza, kanye nezinkampani zezicelo ezingezansi baqinisa ukubambisana ukuze benze ngcono uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, babhekane nokwehluka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwama-discreet amathayi, futhi bakhuthaze ngokubambisana ukwenziwa okujwayelekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yama-granule enjoloba.

Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi kanye namathuba amakhulu emakethe, ama-granule enjoloba asabhekene nezinselele ezithile kanye nezingqinamba enkambisweni yentuthuko yezimboni. Enye yezinselele ezibalulekile ukulawula iphunga ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokufaka. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwama-granule enjoloba, ikakhulukazi izinqubo zokucubungula ezishisa kakhulu, futhi uma zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu njengemigwaqo yasehlobo noma izindawo zemidlalo ezivalekile, ama-granule enjoloba angakhipha amakhemikhali e-organic aguquguqukayo, okuholela ephunga elibi elithinta ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Enye inselele enkulu ukwenza ngcono umthamo ezingxubeni ezahlukene. Umthamo ofanele wama-granule enjoloba uyahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sokufaka—isibonelo, umthamo ekuguqulweni kwe-asphalt uhlukile kulowo ogcwaliswe ngotshani bokwenziwa, futhi umthamo oweqile noma onganele ungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yokugcina, njengokunciphisa amandla omgwaqo noma ukunciphisa umphumela wokumuncwa kokushaqeka. Lokhu kudinga ucwaningo olujulile oluqhubekayo kanye nenani elikhulu lokuqinisekiswa kokuhlola ukuze kunqunywe izilinganiso ezinembile ezifanele zezimo ezahlukene zokufaka isicelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusungulwa kwezindinganiso zemboni ezihlangene nezinegunya kanye nezindlela zokuhlola kusalokhu kungumsebenzi ophuthumayo emhlabeni jikelele.

Sithumelele i-imeyili Landa njenge-PDF

Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Amathegi Omkhiqizo

I-Zeolite yigama elijwayelekile lamaminerali e-zeolite, okuwuhlobo lwamaminerali e-alkali noma e-alkaline earth metal aluminosilicate anamanzi. Kutholakale izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 ze-zeolite yemvelo emhlabeni wonke, phakathi kwazo i-clinoptilolite, i-mordenite, i-rhombic zeolite, i-maozeolite, i-calcium cross zeolite, i-schistose, i-turbidite, i-pyroxene kanye ne-analcite ezivame kakhulu. I-Clinoptilolite kanye ne-mordenite ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi. Amaminerali e-Zeolite ayingxenye yezinhlelo ezahlukene zekristalu, eziningi zazo ziyi-fibrous, hairy kanye ne-columnar, kanti ezimbalwa ziyi-plate noma i-columnar emfushane.

I-Zeolite inezimpawu zokushintshana kwama-ion, ukumuncwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa, i-catalysis, ukuzinza, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuguqukayo, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, njll. Ama-Zeolite akhiqizwa kakhulu emifantwini noma kuma-amygdaloid amadwala entaba-mlilo, ahambisana ne-calcite, i-pith kanye ne-quartz, kanye nasemadwaleni e-pyroclastic sedimentary kanye nama-hot spring deposits.

Impuphu ye-Zeolite uhlobo lwe-zeolite yemvelo, eluhlaza okotshani nokumhlophe okukhanyayo. Ingasusa u-95% we-ammonia nitrogen emanzini, ihlanze ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi inciphise ukudluliswa kwamanzi.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (%)

I-SiO2	AL2O3	I-Fe2O3	I-TiO 2	I-CaO	I-MgO	K 2 O	I-LOI
62.87	13.46	1.35	0.11	2.71	2.38	2.78	12.80

I-Microelement (PPm)

Ca	P	Fe	Cu	Mn	Zn	F	Pb
2.4	0.06	165.8	2.0	10.2	2.1	<5	<0.001

Isicelo
Okungeziwe:Ngokufaka u-5.0% (150 mesh) we-clinoptilolite powder ekudleni kwezinhlanzi, izinga lokusinda kanye nezinga lokukhula elihlobene le-grass carp lingakhushulwa ngo-14.0% kanye no-10.8%.
Umthuthukisi:Ingasusa u-95% we-ammonia nitrogen futhi ihlanze ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Umthwali:I-Zeolite inezinhlobo eziningi zezimo eziyisisekelo zomthwali kanye nomxube we-premixes ezengeziwe. I-pH engathathi hlangothi ye-zeolite iphakathi kuka-7-7.5, kanti okuqukethwe kwayo kwamanzi kungu-3.4-3.9% kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulula ukuthintwa umswakama futhi ingamunca amanzi engxubeni kasawoti ongaphili kanye nezingxenye ezincane eziqukethe amanzi ekristalu, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kokudla.
Ingxube yekhonkrithi:Impuphu ye-zeolite iqukethe inani elithile le-silica esebenzayo kanye ne-silica trioxide, engasabela nomkhiqizo omanzi we-calcium hydroxide yesimende ukuze yakhe into eqinisayo.