I-Kaolin Powder Eguquliwe Engaphezulu Komkhakha Wepulasitiki Ethuthukisa Amandla Emishini Nokumelana Nokushisa
Incazelo emfushane:
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni yepulasitiki kudinga izithasiselo zamaminerali ezithuthukisiwe ezingenza ngcono ukusebenza komkhiqizo ngasikhathi sinye, zinciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi zandise imingcele yokusetshenziswa. Phakathi kwalokhu, i-kaolin powder eguqulwe ubuso ivele njengesithasiselo se-linchpin, iguqula ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yepulasitiki kufaka phakathi izingxenye ze-polypropylene (PP) ezibunjiwe nge-injection, amafilimu e-polyethylene (PE), kanye namaphrofayili e-polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Ngokungafani nomlingani wayo ongaguquki, ovame ukubonisa ukuhambisana okubi nama-resin epulasitiki, i-kaolin powder eguqulwe ubuso isebenzisa ama-silane noma ama-titanate coupling agents ukuze yakhe izibopho zamakhemikhali eziqinile ngamaketanga e-polymer. Lokhu kuxhumana kwezinga lama-molecule kuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla omshini, ukuzinza kokushisa, kanye nokufana kokusabalala ngaphakathi kwama-matrices epulasitiki, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amapulasitiki esimanje.
Ukwandiswa Kwamandla Emishini
Ukuqina kwemishini kuyisikali esingenakuxoxiswana ngaso semikhiqizo yepulasitiki, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziswa emikhakheni edinga kakhulu njengobunjiniyela bezimoto, ingqalasizinda yokwakha, kanye nezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside zabathengi. Impuphu ye-kaolin eguquliwe ebusweni, evame ukufakwa phakathi kwe-mesh engu-1000 no-2000, isebenza njenge-ejenti yokuqinisa ngokusungula inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yezibopho ze-interfacial zamaminerali-polymer. Le nethiwekhi yenza kube lula ukusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kokucindezeleka kwemishini kuyo yonke i-matrix yepulasitiki, kuvimbele ukugxila kokucindezeleka kwendawo okungaholela ekwehlulekeni.
Embonini yezimoto, lapho ukunciphisa isisindo kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwengezwa kwempuphu ye-kaolin eguquliwe ebusweni engu-10%-20% (ngesisindo) ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zezimoto ze-PP—njengezimbobo zedeshibhodi kanye nezingubo zokugqoka—kubonise ukuthuthuka okumangalisayo. Ukuhlolwa okuqinile ngumhlinzeki wezingxenye zezimoto ohamba phambili waseJalimane kwembule ukwanda kwamandla okudonsa ngo-25%-35%, okuphakamisa amanani kusuka ku-30 MPa kuya ku-37-40 MPa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-modulus ye-flexural ibone ukuthuthukiswa okungu-40%-50%, okukhuphuka kusuka ku-1500 MPa kuya ku-2100-2250 MPa. Lezi zinzuzo zivumela abakhiqizi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-resin kufika ku-15%, bazuze ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Kumafilimu ezolimo e-PE, ukuguqulwa kobuso bempuphu ye-kaolin kuqinisekisa izakhiwo zokuhlakazeka eziphakeme, kuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya okungadala amaphuzu abuthakathaka esakhiweni. Amafilimu afaka u-8%-12% wale mpuphu eguquliwe abonise ukukhushulwa okungu-30% ekumelaneni nomthelela, okwanda kusuka ku-8 kJ/m² kuya ku-10.4 kJ/m². Lokhu kuqina okuthuthukisiwe kuvumela amafilimu ukuthi amelane nesivinini somoya esifinyelela ku-18 m/s ngaphandle kokudabula, okunikeza isivikelo esithembekile sezicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni ngaphandle kwezolimo.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kokushisa
Ukumelana nokushisa kumelela enye inzuzo ebalulekile yempuphu ye-kaolin eguqulwe ubuso ekusetshenzisweni kwepulasitiki. Imikhiqizo eminingi yepulasitiki yesimanje, kufaka phakathi izivalo zikagesi, izingxenye zangaphansi kwezimoto, kanye nezinto zokwakha, kumele ibekezelele amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alumina (kusukela ku-38%-42%) kumpuphu ye-kaolin, kuhlanganiswe namasu okuguqula ubuso asebenzayo, kuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa lokushintsha ukushisa (i-HDT) kwamakhemikhali epulasitiki.
Umkhiqizi ovelele wephrofayili ye-PVC wase-Italy usebenzise ngempumelelo i-kaolin powder eguqulwe ubuso ekukhiqizeni uhlaka lwamafasitela, kwatholakala ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwe-HDT kusuka ku-70°C kuya ku-85°C. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokubekezelela amazinga okushisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi ozimele be-PVC bangakwazi ukumelana nokukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside ezindaweni zaseMedithera ngaphandle kokugoba noma ukuguquka. Ngokufanayo, ezindaweni zikagesi ze-PP ezigcina izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezikhiqiza ukushisa, ukufakwa kwe-kaolin powder kwaphakamisa i-HDT kusuka ku-110°C kuya ku-130°C, kwahlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-powder inciphisa ngempumelelo izinkinga zokuncipha kokushisa; Izingxenye ezibunjwe nge-PP eziqukethe i-15% kaolin powder zibonise izinga lokuncipha elingu-1.2%, uma kuqhathaniswa no-2.5% we-PP engaqiniswanga, okuqinisekisa ukunemba okunembile ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza kanye Nemininingwane Yobuchwepheshe
Ukukhiqizwa kwempuphu ye-kaolin eguqulwe ebusweni yepulasitiki kuhilela inqubo ehlelwe ngokucophelela enezigaba ezimbili: ukuhluzwa kwe-ore kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo. I-ore ye-kaolin eluhlaza idlula ekuhluzweni ngokuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic kanye namasu okuflotha ukuze kususwe ukungcola kwensimbi kanye ne-titanium, okungalimaza ukusebenza kwempuphu. Ngemva kwalokho, i-ore iyagaywa ibe usayizi wezinhlayiya ozifunayo kusetshenziswa izindlela zokugaya ezomile ngemishini yokuhlunga umoya, ikhiqiza amazinga asukela ku-1000 kuya ku-2000 mesh.
Isigaba sokuguqulwa kobuso sisebenzisa ama-mixer asheshayo asebenza ku-1500-2000 rpm ukuze amboze izinhlayiya ze-kaolin ngokulinganayo ngama-coupling agent. Ama-coupling agent e-silane, njenge-KH-550, akhethwa kakhulu kwizicelo ze-PP ne-PE ngenxa yokusondelana kwawo okuqinile kuma-polyolefin polymers, kuyilapho ama-coupling agent e-titanate njenge-TMC-101 efaneleka kakhulu kuma-compound e-PVC. Umthamo we-coupling agent ulawulwa ngokucophelela ku-0.5%-1.5% wesisindo se-kaolin powder ukuqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuphelele kwezinhlayiya ngaphandle kwezinto ezengeziwe ezingaphazamisa ukucutshungulwa kwepulasitiki. Ngemva kokuguqulwa, i-powder ipholiswa ekushiseni okuzungezile futhi ihlungwe ukuze kususwe noma yiziphi izingxube, okunikeza umkhiqizo ogeleza ngokukhululeka, ofanayo olungele ukuhlanganiswa nezakhiwo zepulasitiki.
Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zilawula ikhwalithi yempuphu ye-kaolin eguquliwe ebusweni yepulasitiki. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, okukalwa ngamanani e-D50 angu-5-10 μm (1000 mesh) noma angu-2-5 μm (2000 mesh), kuthinta ngqo ukuhlakazeka nokusebenza kahle kokuqinisa. Ubumhlophe, obuvezwa njengenani le-L* elingu-≥90%, buqinisekisa ukuhambisana kobuhle ekusetshenzisweni lapho umbala uyisici. Ukulawulwa komswakama okuqinile (≤0.3%) kuvimbela izinkinga ezifana ne-hydrolysis ngesikhathi sokucubungula ipulasitiki, kuyilapho izinga lokumbozwa kwe-ejenti yokuhlanganisa elingu-≥95% liqinisekisa ukubopha okuhle kakhulu kwe-interfacial. Amanani okumuncwa kwamafutha aphakathi kuka-20-25 mL/100g abonisa izici zokumanzisa zempuphu, ethonya i-compound viscosity kanye nokuziphatha kokucubungula. Lawa mapharamitha ahlolwa ngokuqinile kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlaziya athuthukile, kufaka phakathi abahlaziyi besayizi yezinhlayiyana ze-laser, i-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric (TGA).
Ubuchwepheshe Bokuhlinzeka Ngezinsizakalo Nokusekela Obuchwepheshe
Ingqalasizinda yochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempuphu ye-kaolin eguqulwe ubuso ilungiselelwe ukuhambisana nemijikelezo yokukhiqiza esheshayo embonini yepulasitiki. Izinketho zokupakisha zifaka izikhwama zephepha ezingama-25kg ezinezingqimba eziningi ezifakwe ama-liner alwa nokungaguquguquki ukuvimbela ukuqongelela kothuli nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bomkhiqizo, kanye nezikhwama ezinkulu ezingama-1000kg ezinemikhono ye-forklift yokuphatha nokugcina kahle. Izikhathi zokulethwa zilula, lapho amakhasimende esifunda (isb., ukuthunyelwa kusuka eShayina kuya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia) ethola ama-oda zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7-14, kuyilapho ukulethwa kwamanye amazwe (njengalokho okuya eYurophu) kuqedwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-21-30.
Incazelo Yomkhiqizo
Sine-calcined kaolin, i-kaolin ehlanziwe, ne-metakaolin.
I-kaolin ene-calcined, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubumba lwe-porcelain, inobumhlophe obuphezulu, ubucwebe obuphezulu, i-plasticity enhle, futhi inokugqwala okunamandla
Ukumelana nokuqina okuhle. Kuyimpahla eluhlaza enhle kakhulu yokwenza izinto zobumba kanye nerabha.
I-kaolin ene-calcined, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubumba lwe-porcelain, inobumhlophe obuphezulu, ubucwebe obuphezulu, i-plasticity enhle, futhi inokugqwala okunamandla
Ukumelana nokuqina okuhle. Kuyimpahla eluhlaza enhle kakhulu yokwenza izinto zobumba kanye nerabha.
Imininingwane Izithombe
Inzuzo yethu:
Siyifektri ngqo, singakwazi ukulethwa ngokushesha, futhi singanikeza noma yimuphi usayizi we-tourmaline ngekhwalithi ephezulu.
Siyifektri ngqo, singakwazi ukulethwa ngokushesha, futhi singanikeza noma yimuphi usayizi we-tourmaline ngekhwalithi ephezulu.
Futhi njengomkhiqizi, singahlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izidingo zakho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, njengephakheji ekhethekile, ilogo yakho, izithako zemvelo, umdlalo omusha wombala we-mica, i-MSDS kanye ne-TDS kuyatholakala njll.
| Izigaba | Ibanga Lezimboni | Insimbi Ibanga | Ibanga le-Ceramic | Ibanga le-Fluorescence | Optical Ibanga | Phezulu Ubumsulwa | |
| Okuqukethwe okungaphansi kuka (%) | 93.0 | 96.0 | 98.0 | 99.0 | 99.8 | 99.99 | |
| Okuqukethwe kokungcola okungadluli (%) | Na | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | |||
| K | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | ||||
| Ca | |||||||
| Mg | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | ||
| Si | 1% | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | |
| SO4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.005 | |
| Fe | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.0001 | |
| Cl | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.001 | |
| Al | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.001 | |
| Cu | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | |
| Izinsimbi ezisindayo (Pb) | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | |
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemibala Ye-Iron Oxide
1. Embonini yezinto zokwakha, isetshenziswa kakhulu kusimende wombala, amathayili aphansi esimende wombala, amathayili esimende wombala, amathayili acwebezelwe ngokulingisa, amathayili aphansi esimende, udaka lombala, i-asphalt yombala, i-terrazzo, amathayili e-mosaic, imabula yokwenziwa kanye nopende wodonga.
2. Ingasetshenziswa ukufaka imibala nokuvikela izinto zokumboza okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukumboza okungaphakathi nangaphandle kodonga okuqhutshwa ngamanzi, ukumboza okumpushana, njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi kuma-primer ahlukahlukene nama-topcoat njenge-epoxy, i-alkyd, i-amino, njll. kumapende anamafutha, kanye nopende wamathoyizi, upende wokuhlobisa, upende wefenisha, upende we-electrophoretic kanye nama-enamel. I-primer ebomvu yensimbi inomsebenzi wokulwa nokugqwala, ingathatha indawo yopende obomvu obomvu onentengo ephezulu, ingagcina izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous.
Umenzi unikeza i-iron oxide ebomvu, i-iron oxide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-iron oxide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-iron oxide ephuzi, i-iron oxide violet, i-iron oxide ensundu, i-iron oxide emnyama njalo njalo. Umbala uphelele, inani likhulu futhi isaphulelo siyamukeleka. Sekela amaqoqo axubile. Siyakwamukela ukuzoshayela ucingo ukuze uthole ukubonisana.
1. Embonini yezinto zokwakha, isetshenziswa kakhulu kusimende wombala, amathayili aphansi esimende wombala, amathayili esimende wombala, amathayili acwebezelwe ngokulingisa, amathayili aphansi esimende, udaka lombala, i-asphalt yombala, i-terrazzo, amathayili e-mosaic, imabula yokwenziwa kanye nopende wodonga.
2. Ingasetshenziswa ukufaka imibala nokuvikela izinto zokumboza okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukumboza okungaphakathi nangaphandle kodonga okuqhutshwa ngamanzi, ukumboza okumpushana, njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi kuma-primer ahlukahlukene nama-topcoat njenge-epoxy, i-alkyd, i-amino, njll. kumapende anamafutha, kanye nopende wamathoyizi, upende wokuhlobisa, upende wefenisha, upende we-electrophoretic kanye nama-enamel. I-primer ebomvu yensimbi inomsebenzi wokulwa nokugqwala, ingathatha indawo yopende obomvu obomvu onentengo ephezulu, ingagcina izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous.
Umenzi unikeza i-iron oxide ebomvu, i-iron oxide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-iron oxide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-iron oxide ephuzi, i-iron oxide violet, i-iron oxide ensundu, i-iron oxide emnyama njalo njalo. Umbala uphelele, inani likhulu futhi isaphulelo siyamukeleka. Sekela amaqoqo axubile. Siyakwamukela ukuzoshayela ucingo ukuze uthole ukubonisana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-graphite iphinde ibe yinto yokupholisha kanye ne-ejenti yokulwa nokugqwala kwengilazi nephepha embonini yokukhanya, futhi iyinto eluhlaza ebaluleke kakhulu yokwenza amapensela, uyinki, upende omnyama, uyinki, amadayimane okwenziwa kanye namadayimane. Iyinto enhle yokonga amandla kanye nokuvikela imvelo, esetshenziswe njengebhethri lemoto e-United States. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nemboni, insimu yokusetshenziswa kwe-graphite isakhula. Isibe yinto eluhlaza ebalulekile yezinto ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu futhi idlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe.
Bhala umlayezo wakho lapha bese uwuthumela kithi
