Incazelo emfushane:
Impuphu ye-talc, iminerali eguquguqukayo futhi ebaluleke kakhulu, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimpawu zerabha, iguqula imboni ngezakhiwo zayo eziphawulekayo. Emkhakheni wezimpawu zezimboni, lapho ukuthembeka nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu, i-talc powder ivela njengoshintsho olukhulu, inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nobude bezimpawu zerabha.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-talc powder ekukhiqizweni kwe-rubber seal yikhono layo elingenakuqhathaniswa lokuthuthukisa ukululama okunwebekayo. Ezisetshenzisweni zezimboni, izivalo zicindezelwa njalo ngomshini, okuhlanganisa ukucindezelwa okuphindaphindiwe, ukwelula, kanye nokugoba. Isibonelo, ama-gasket eminyango ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano abekezelela ukuvulwa nokuvalwa okuvamile, kuyilapho izivalo zenjini yezimoto zithola ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi okuguquguqukayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Isakhiwo esihle, se-lamellar se-talc powder sibalulekile ekubhekaneni nalezi zinselele. Ezingeni elincane kakhulu, ama-platelet e-talc ahlangana nama-polymer enjoloba, akha inethiwekhi esebenza njengesiphethu sangaphakathi. Lokhu kuxhumana okuyingqayizivele kuvumela izivalo ukuthi ziphinde zibuyele esimweni sazo sokuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokucindezelwa, okuqinisekisa ukulingana kahle ngisho nangemva kwezinkulungwane zemijikelezo.
Ocwaningweni lwakamuva oluthuthukisiwe lwelabhorethri, kusetshenziswe amasu okuthwebula izithombe ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze kubanjwe ukuguquguquka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwale nqubo. Lokhu kuboniswa kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ama-platelet e-talc ashelela kanjani futhi ahlele kabusha ngaphakathi kwe-matrix yerabha ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa, okwenza kube lula ukubuyiselwa kwe-elastic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo eziphelele ziqhathanise izivalo ezenziwe ngama-grade ahlukene e-talc powder, zembula ukuthi ubumsulwa obuphezulu kanye nezinhlayiya ze-talc ezinobukhulu obufanayo kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kokubuyiselwa kwe-elastic. Ngokukhethekile, izivalo ezenziwe nge-ultrafine, high-purity talc powder zibonise ukwanda kokubuyiselwa kwe-elastic okufika ku-35%, uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezingenayo i-talc noma nge-talc esezingeni eliphansi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekubuyiselweni kwe-elastic kuyinzuzo ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside, njengoba kusiza ukuvimbela ukuvuza futhi kugcina ubuqotho besistimu evaliwe.
Ukumelana nokuguguleka kungenye into ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezivalo zerabha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihudulayo njengemishini yezimayini, imishini yokuthutha yezimboni, kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza esindayo. Kulezi zimo ezinzima, izivalo zihlala zivezwa ekugugulekeni nasekukhubekeni, okungaholela ekugugulekeni nasekuhlulekeni kusenesikhathi. Ukwakheka kweplatelet ye-Talc powder kunikeza umphumela wokuzigcoba, osebenza njengama-bearings amancane, afakwe ngaphakathi kwe-matrix yerabha. Lapho uphawu luhlangana nezindawo zokuhlangana, amaplatelet e-talc ayashelelana, anciphise ukushisa okukhuhlanayo futhi anciphise ukuguguleka kwendawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zakamuva ze-tribological zingene shí endleleni yokuzigcoba ye-talc ezimvini zerabha. Lezi zifundo zibonise ukuthi i-chemistry engaphezulu ye-talc idlala indima ekunciphiseni ukunamathelana phakathi kwe-seal kanye nezindawo zokuhlangana, okuthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokugcoba. Ezisetshenzisweni zangempela, izivivinyo zasensimini zenziwe emisebenzini eminingi yokumba emhlabeni jikelele. Endaweni yokumba ithusi enkulu eNingizimu Melika, isibonelo, izimvini ezifakwe i-talc ezinhlelweni zebhande lokuhambisa zihlale isikhathi eside ngo-60% kunezimvini ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside kuhumusha ukonga okukhulu ezindleleni zokulungisa, njengoba kudingeka ukushintshwa kwezimvini ezimbalwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwamakhemikhali olungasebenzi kahle lwe-talc powder luvimbela ukuwohloka kwezici zemvelo ezifana nomswakama, amakhemikhali, kanye nemisebe ye-UV, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke impilo ye-seal. Ezindaweni zezimboni zasogwini lapho izimvini zivezwa khona ku-spray yamanzi anosawoti kanye nomswakama ophezulu, izimvini eziguqulwe i-talc zigcine ubuqotho bazo kangcono kakhulu kunezingashintshiwe, zigqamisa amakhono okuvikela amaminerali.
Isethi yokucindezela iyinselele eqhubekayo kubunjiniyela be-rubber seal, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenzisweni lapho izivalo zivezwa khona ekucindezelweni okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside. Izibonelo zezicelo ezinjalo zifaka phakathi ama-gasket angaphansi kolwandle ajulile, okumele amelane nengcindezi enkulu yolwandle, kanye nezivalo zezindiza eziphakeme, ezibhekana nengcindezi ehlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokundiza. I-Talc powder inciphisa inkinga yesethi yokucindezela ngokusebenzisa indlela ekabili. Okokuqala, iqinisa isakhiwo sokuxhumanisa se-raber, ithuthukise ukumelana kwayo nokuguquguquka ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ucwaningo lwamuva lwesayensi ye-polymer lusebenzise amasu athuthukile e-spectroscopy ukuhlaziya izibopho zamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwamakhemikhali enjoloba nge-talc powder, okuqinisekisa ukuqiniswa kwezixhumanisi eziwelayo. Okwesibili, inikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzimba kumaketanga e-polymer, ivimbela ukwelula ngokweqile kanye nokuguquguquka okungapheli kwesakhiwo se-micro sezinto.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengasezisetshenzisweni ze-cryogenic lapho amazinga okushisa engehla afike ku--196°C, indima ye-talc powder iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Izikhungo zokuhlola ezikhethekile zisetshenziswe ukulingisa lezi zindawo ezinzima, futhi imiphumela iyamangalisa. Izivalo eziguquliwe ze-talc kumapayipi e-cryogenic zigcine izinga lobuqotho besivalo elingaphezu kuka-98% ngemva kwamahora ayi-10,000 okusebenza okuqhubekayo, uma kuqhathaniswa cishe no-85% wezivalo ezingaguquliwe. Ngokugcina ukuzinza kobukhulu besivalo ngaphansi kokucindezeleka isikhathi eside, i-talc powder iqinisekisa ukuthi isivalo sigcina ukusebenza kwaso kokuvala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusebenza okuvelele kwenza izivalo zerabha ezithuthukisiwe ze-talc zibe yisinqumo esikhethwayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuthembeka nokuphepha kungaxoxiswana ngakho.
Ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okuphezulu, njengezilinda ze-hydraulic, amapayipi egesi yemvelo, kanye nemishini yokukhipha uwoyela negesi, ubuqotho besivalo bubaluleke kakhulu. Noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kwesivalo kungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele, okuhlanganisa ukuvuza, umonakalo wemishini, kanye nezingozi zemvelo. Impuphu ye-talc idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubuqotho besivalo ngokusebenza njengomsabalalisi wokucindezeleka. I-geometry yayo yezinhlayiya eziyisicaba iyivumela ukuthi isakaze ngokulinganayo amandla asetshenziswayo ebusweni besivalo, ivimbele ukugxila kokucindezeleka kwendawo okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukulingisa kwesimanje kwe-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) sekuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye namaphethini okugeleza koketshezi ngaphakathi kwesivalo. Lokhu kulingisa okuthuthukisiwe kubonise ukuthi ukuqondiswa kwezinhlayiya okuhlukile kwe-talc kuhambisana kanjani nama-vector okucindezela, okwandisa ngempumelelo umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesivalo kuze kufike ku-40%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezilinganiselwe (FEA) kusetshenziswe ukutadisha ukuziphatha komshini wezivalo nge-talc powder ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zokulayisha. Ukuqonda okuhlangene okuvela ku-CFD kanye ne-FEA kunikeze ukuqonda okubanzi kokuthi i-talc powder ithuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kwesivalo. Lo mthamo wokuthwala umthwalo othuthukisiwe wenza isivalo sikwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho baso, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokucindezela okuphezulu.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yempuphu ye-talc ekukhiqizweni kwe-rubber seal ukuhambisana kwayo nama-compounds ahlukahlukene e-raber. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), i-nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), noma i-silicone rubber, i-talc powder ingafakwa kalula ekwakhiweni ukuze kufezwe izakhiwo ezifiselekayo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi benze ngokwezifiso ukwakheka kwe-rubber seal ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zokusebenza zesicelo.
Isibonelo, embonini yokucubungula amakhemikhali, lapho izimbobo zidinga ukumelana namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene anolaka, i-talc powder ingahlanganiswa ne-NBR ukudala isimbobo esinikeza ukumelana kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokucwiliswa kwamakhemikhali elabhorethri kukhombisile ukuthi izimbobo ze-talc - NBR zingamelana nokuchayeka kuma-acid aqinile nama-alkali isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu. Embonini yezindiza, lapho kudingeka ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izimbobo zerabha ze-silicone ezithuthukisiwe ze-talc zingasetshenziswa ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu okusukela ku--60°C kuya ku-260°C ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwazo kokuvala. Eqinisweni, ezingxenyeni zenjini yejethi, lezi zimbobo ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi zigcina ukusebenza kwazo ngisho nangesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwezinjini.
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo zemishini nezamakhemikhali, i-talc powder inikeza nezinzuzo eziningana zokucubungula ekukhiqizweni kwe-rubber seal. Usayizi wayo omncane wezinhlayiya kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokusabalala ziqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo ngaphakathi kwe-rubber matrix, okuholela ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokuxuba obuthuthukisiwe, njenge-twin-screw extruders, bulungiselelwe ukusizakala ngokugcwele ngezici zokusabalala kwe-talc powder, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye ye-rubber compound iyazuza ezicini zayo. I-talc powder iphinde ithuthukise izakhiwo zokugeleza kwe-rubber compound ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okwenza kube lula ukubumba nokuma kube yi-geometry ye-seal oyifunayo.
Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, emigqeni yokukhiqiza uphawu oluzenzakalelayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-talc powder kuye kwenza izikhathi zomjikelezo zisheshe futhi kwenqatshwe ukukhiqiza okuncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwe-talc powder kunganciphisa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini yokucubungula, njengoba kudingeka amandla amancane ukucubungula inhlanganisela yerabha egeleza kalula.
Ukusetshenziswa kwempuphu ye-talc ekukhiqizweni kwe-rubber seal nakho kunobungani nemvelo. I-Talc iyiminerali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala kakhulu ongqimbeni lomhlaba. Ukukhishwa kwayo kanye nokucutshungulwa kwayo kunomthelela ophansi kakhulu kwezemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokwenziwa. Izinkampani zezimayini ziya ngokuya zamukela imikhuba yokukhipha eqhubekayo, njengokuvuselela amahlathi kanye nokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva kwemisebenzi yokumba, okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwe-talc kwezemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-talc - izimbobo zerabha ezithuthukisiwe ziphila isikhathi eside, zinciphisa ukuvama kokufakwa esikhundleni kwezimbobo futhi zinciphise ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza.
Ngombono womnotho ojikelezayo, izimbobo zerabha ezisekelwe ku-talc ekupheleni kokuphila zingaphinde zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezizinzile. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokuphinda zisetshenziswe ezingakhipha futhi zisebenzise kabusha i-talc powder ezimbobeni ezisetshenzisiwe, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza kwenqubo yonke. Lokhu kwenza izimbobo zerabha ezisekelwe ku-talc zibe ukukhetha okuzinzile kwezicelo zezimboni, okuhambisana nokugxila okukhula emhlabeni wonke ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokongiwa kwezinsiza.
Ekuphetheni, i-talc powder iyisithako esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimbobo zerabha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, okuhlanganisa ukululama okuthuthukisiwe kokunwebeka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nesethi yokucindezela, ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka, kanye nokuhambisana nezinhlanganisela ezahlukene zerabha, kuyenza ibe yimpahla ebalulekile embonini yezimbobo zerabha. Ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo ze-talc powder, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza izimbobo zerabha ezihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zezicelo zezimboni zanamuhla, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka, ukuqina, kanye nokuphepha. Njengoba isidingo sezimbobo zerabha ezisebenza kahle siqhubeka nokukhula, siqhutshwa ukwanda kwezimboni ezifana namandla avuselelekayo, izindiza, kanye namafutha negesi, indima ye-talc powder embonini kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Imizamo yocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko kulindeleke ukuthi ivule amandla e-talc powder, okuholela ekudalweni kwezixazululo ze-raber seal ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu nezisebenza kahle.
